Spreading Woodchips For Psilocybes - easymushrooms.com

<body> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> <from name="from1" id="from1" method="post" action=""> <input type="text" name="textfield" value="......" /> <input class=" button" type="submit" name="Submit" value="GO" /> </from> <h1>Spreading Woodchips For Psilocybes</h1> <p>Psylocybe Syrange Austria</p> </div> <div id="tabs10"> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Link 1"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Articles.html" title="Link 2"><span>Contact</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Chat.html" title="Link 3"><span>Archives</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Forum.html" title="Link 4"><span>About</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Contact.html" title="Link 5"><span>Contact</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Forum.html" title="Link 6"><span>Archives</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Gallery.html" title="Link 7"><span>Archives</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="container2"> <div id="content"> <h2>psilocybe bohemica</h2> <p><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Inocybe_heimii_cap.shtml" title="Inocybe Heimii Cap" alt="Inocybe Heimii Cap" >Inocybe Heimii Cap</a> <p align="justify"> <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/PsilocybeCyanescensbrisbane.shtml" title="Psilocybecyanescensbrisbane" alt="Psilocybecyanescensbrisbane" >Psilocybecyanescensbrisbane</a> &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 <u>magic mushrooms libety cap best part off it</u> &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens, <u>goldcap vs redcap shrooms</u> known in </p> by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio <br /><br /> <a href="/liberty_cap_microscope_spore.shtml"><img border="2" src="/images/Buying-Magic-Mushroom-Puffball-Mushroom.jpg" alt=" Liberty Cap Microscope Spore"></a> n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It appears that these kinds of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of death and to reduce even the most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from pain and anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most widely studied substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug structurally similar to psilocybin that is active only when administered by injection. Below, a young woman from Switzerland gives a detailed account of her second mushroom experience. Her first experiment, with Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. For her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A remarkable feature of her account is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest. "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered briefly on the wall next to the door and I saw faces and figures appear and vanish, but they did not hold my interest. It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the material plane, but unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that he wasn't able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. I asked him to help me on my way and invited him to look into my eyes. I felt as if all life energy was draining from my bo The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains called the Sierra Mazateca in the northeastern corner of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay are all natives of the town of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language they speak has been called Mazatec and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village of Mazatlan in the same mountains.<br /> </p> <h2>drawings of magic mushrooms</h2> <p> <p align="left"> ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens.<br> Overall, &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to &#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#122&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#99&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 hallucinogenic varieties among the &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#98&#101 mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybecyanescensgrowinginstructions.shtml" title="Psilocybecyanescensgrowinginstructions" alt="Psilocybecyanescensgrowinginstructions" >Psilocybecyanescensgrowinginstructions</a> are extremely poisonous. As part &#111&#102 &#104&#105&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115&#44 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#97 common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#97 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#115&#109&#101&#108&#108 &#111&#114 taste. &#65&#112&#97&#114&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#104&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not &#97&#112&#112&#108&#121 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 species (also see &#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#51&#46&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#111&#114 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#63&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 are reports &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110&#13&#10&#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 people &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, &#110&#111&#114 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#98&#108&#101 to &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#65&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#99&#104&#97&#109&#112&#105&#103&#110&#111&#110&#115&#41 from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. &#83&#117&#99&#104 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116 interested &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 Psilocybe semilanceata.<br> In my opinion, this attitude reflects a &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#98&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65 spore print is left by &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass &#118&#101&#115&#115&#101&#108 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#111&#118&#101&#114 the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has &#105&#116&#115 &#108&#105&#109&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#70&#111&#114 &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 derived from &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97 may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97 high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to &#112&#114&#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 &#103&#114&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#114&#114&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 deadly intoxications &#105&#115 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#108&#121 &#111&#110&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological &#100&#97&#116&#97&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#53&#13&#10&#84&#72&#69 &#66&#76&#85&#73&#78&#71 &#80&#72&#69&#78&#79&#77&#69&#78&#79&#78 AND METOL TESTING: REALITY &#86&#83&#46 &#87&#73&#83&#72&#70&#85&#76 &#84&#72&#73&#78&#75&#73&#78&#71&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 discussed &#105&#110 &#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#51&#46&#49&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#51&#46&#55&#44 the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115&#13&#10&#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 to a &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#115 blue may not &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#100&#108&#101&#115&#115 of psilocybin &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 that I have examined, Psilocybe &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 bluing reaction. The caps &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110 very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such &#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#69&#97&#114&#108&#101&#41 Sing. have &#115&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#118&#101&#114&#121 intensely &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#97&#112&#115 do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe </p> The &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magicalshroomsincowdung.shtml" title="Magicalshroomsincowdung" alt="Magicalshroomsincowdung" >Magicalshroomsincowdung</a> <i>Austria Psylocybe Syrange</i> &#97 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 of mountains called &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#105&#101&#114&#114&#97 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#97 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 northeastern corner of the Mexican &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#79&#97&#120&#97&#99&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 shamans in this essay are all &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#111&#119&#110 of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language they Austria Psylocybe Syrange &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 Mazatec and they &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 in the previous anthropological <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Psilocybe_stuntzii_syringe.shtml" title="Psilocybe Stuntzii Syringe" alt="Psilocybe Stuntzii Syringe" >Psilocybe Stuntzii Syringe</a> literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103&#44 Mazatecs are the inhabitants of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#108&#97&#110 in &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 <div align="center"> &#46 &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#101&#45&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 samples for biochemical analysis are &#115&#116&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#45&#49&#48&#176&#67 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. &#73&#110 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Finland, investigators in North America have &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#39&#115 &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121 rate is slowest in &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 species.<br> (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = &#72&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#57 &#45 &#83&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 formulas for psilocybin (1) and &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#40&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#51&#13&#10&#67&#72&#51&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#48 &#45 Distribution pattern &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 and adjacent areas.<br> Locations are &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 3.<br>2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#71&#82&#79&#87&#73&#78&#71 &#79&#78 &#87&#79&#79&#68 &#68&#69&#66&#82&#73&#83&#13&#10&#65&#116 least &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata &#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#105&#115&#116 &#105&#110 Europe. At &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#44 &#73 &#109&#117&#115&#116 emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#101&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 taxonomists. For example, there are different methods &#111&#102&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 from the Stropharia &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#87&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been &#99&#108&#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#115 well known &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are, &#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#44 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103&#108&#121 bluing mushrooms that can be described as &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris.<br> In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#97&#107&#101&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#101&#109&#101&#110&#100&#46 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/spore_syringe_kaufen_austria.shtml" title="Spore Syringe Kaufen Austria" alt="Spore Syringe Kaufen Austria" >Spore Syringe Kaufen Austria</a> Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens &#98&#121 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#105&#116&#101&#108&#121 turned out to be inaccurate. According to &#104&#105&#115 &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#44 &#45&#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 home &#116&#111 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#114&#101&#105&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe &#115&#101&#114&#98&#105&#99&#97 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#115&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#101&#119 &#105&#110 Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species &#115&#101&#101&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#97 vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 Such disparate morphologies &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves Buy Buy Azurescens Spore and are still expanding &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 &#40&#112&#46 14) displays locations in Europe and North &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica &#77&#111&#115&#101&#114 &#38 &#72&#111&#114&#97&#107&#13&#10&#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#114&#101&#105 Singer - Psilocyb </div> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn <div align="justify"> ed and large numbers of studies &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100&#44&#13&#10&#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#76&#83&#68&#46 These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 brain &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#115&#116&#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109&#115 underlying the genesis of psychedelic &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 &#119&#101 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108&#13&#10&#108&#97&#99&#107 a &#115&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#111&#114&#101&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#102&#114&#97&#109&#101&#119&#111&#114&#107 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#108&#97&#105&#110 the relationship &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 manifestation of their psychoactivity. &#69&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, &#116&#111&#111 &#110&#97&#114&#114&#111&#119 &#116&#111 &#97&#100&#100&#114&#101&#115&#115 the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#110 the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#103&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#116&#111&#111&#107 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#100&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#111&#102 analyzing &#53&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#76&#83&#68&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#116&#111&#99&#111&#108&#115 &#105&#110 an &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#111 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101 &#34&#97&#98&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#101&#34&#13&#10&#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115 that &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#114 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 all of the time.<br> His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#116&#114&#105&#103&#103&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#115&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". &#82&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#39&#115 personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 experience. This view is shared by &#97 &#109&#97&#106&#111&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 with considerable experience in conducting &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#45&#97&#115&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121&#46 &#69&#118&#101&#110 &#34&#114&#101&#97&#108&#34 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 symptoms, such as &#110&#97&#117&#115&#101&#97 &#111&#114 &#118&#111&#109&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#99&#97&#110 often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered &#98&#121 &#116&#114&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#102&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#80&#108&#101&#116&#104&#111&#114&#97 &#111&#102 Names The broad range of possible &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/spreadingwoodchipsforpsilocybes.shtml" title="Spreadingwoodchipsforpsilocybes" alt="Spreadingwoodchipsforpsilocybes" >Spreadingwoodchipsforpsilocybes</a> labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#34&#80&#104&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#34 &#40&#76&#101&#119&#105&#110&#41 &#105&#115 the oldest label ever used to describe this class &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#116&#101&#114&#109 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#101&#118&#111&#107&#101&#115 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#44 fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#97&#110&#116&#105&#99 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's &#104&#97&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#34&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#34 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#99&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#103&#108&#97&#109&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 and too &#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#97 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#44 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 term was popular among Timothy &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#39&#115 &#102&#97&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 in low doses or for &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with &#97 &#104&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116&#101&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#105&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111 perceive subtle differences along &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#114&#117 </div> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. <br /> </p> <h2>brisbane psychedelics</h2> <p><p align="justify"> was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with &#102&#101&#101&#108&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#111&#102 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97&#46&#87&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#108&#111&#111&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 window &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#97&#114&#107 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116 of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to &#105&#109&#112&#97&#114&#116 &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#107&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 eternity. At the end of four &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#104&#97&#100 dissipated &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116&#13&#10&#100&#121&#115&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#121 &#116&#121&#112&#101 of somatic side effect. A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 &#103 &#111&#102 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 The onset of symptoms was much more sudden, &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 &#102&#108&#111&#119 of tears, so that there was an initial phase of anxiety. &#79&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#112&#104&#97&#115&#101 of the experience &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#116 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101 ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the &#97&#101&#115&#116&#104&#101&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#101&#110&#104&#97&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 visions. The regular pattern &#111&#102&#46 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#117&#110&#116&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#115 &#97 good indicator for the &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#115&#99&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Inocybe &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the 1980s. &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 time of the initial intoxications &#45 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 was still restricted &#116&#111 &#97 &#102&#101&#119 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to the location &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#56&#50&#44 &#97&#110&#100 from there moved on to several other locations in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#83&#121&#109&#98&#105&#111&#115&#105&#115 &#87&#105&#116&#104 Trees Starting in late May 1984, &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 could be found in abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region of &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 grow near the roots of &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#99&#105&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#114&#101&#101&#115 &#40&#80&#111&#112&#117&#108&#117&#115&#44 Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin areas of tree-lined sidewalks (where they may &#101&#118&#101&#110&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 &#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#101&#44 &#115&#97&#110&#100&#121 soil) as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103&#115&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 residential &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#117&#114&#98&#115 and communities in &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#72&#101&#114&#101&#105&#110 &#108&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 most &#109&#97&#114&#107&#101&#100 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 and other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#105&#114 prime locations are in the middle of villages and towns, &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#108&#105&#107&#101 other &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#109&#97&#121&#13&#10&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 are &#116&#121&#112&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 varieties of the fairy ring mushroom. So &#102&#97&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116 crop of fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very wet weather conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 comparatively dry and the species hardly &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116&#13&#10&#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 1990 that a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in &#80&#111&#116&#115&#100&#97&#109&#46 &#68&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#49&#57&#56&#57 &#104&#97&#118&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 a &#98&#97&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found for the first time at four locations in and &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#82&#111&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107&#44&#13&#10&#97 &#99&#105&#116&#121 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 on the Eastern &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#115 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe_cyanescens_indoor.shtml" title="Psilocybe Cyanescens Indoor" alt="Psilocybe Cyanescens Indoor" >Psilocybe Cyanescens Indoor</a> &#102&#97&#109&#111&#117&#115 for its wet climate. Finding the mushrooms at these locations is &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#117 </p> <p align="center"> &#13&#10&#74&#79&#67&#72&#69&#78 &#71&#65&#82&#84&#90&#13&#10&#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 World A &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#74&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#65&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On &#65 &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 &#71&#111 To The &#80&#97&#103&#101&#41&#13&#10&#34&#87&#104&#111 &#87&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#70&#105&#114&#115&#116 Magician?" - Foreword by Christian &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 &#55&#13&#10&#49&#46 &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#13&#10&#50&#46 Reflections on the History &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 Magic &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#48&#13&#10&#51&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 State &#111&#102 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 Tajgardoun Species 14 3.1 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#71&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on Wood &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#70&#97&#115&#116&#45&#83&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 America &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#111&#112&#117&#115&#58 &#84&#105&#110&#121 Mushrooms of &#82&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 61 5.<br> The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#70&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 World 77 7.<br>1 Spotlight on North &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.<br>3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.<br>5 Japanese Experimentation &#57&#51&#13&#10&#55&#46&#54 &#73&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#110 Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#65&#115&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 South &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 on Effects &#111&#102 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Category Phantastika &#49&#48&#50&#13&#10&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121 &#49&#48&#56&#13&#10&#49&#48&#46 &#79&#117&#116&#108&#111&#111&#107 114 11.<br> Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51 &#45 Water <H1>Shrooms Compost Casing</H1> color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#79&#82&#69&#87&#79&#82&#68&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 precisely &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 emerged from the <i>Tajgardoun</i> shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness.<br> Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#121 &#97 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 being. Nobody knows just who the first <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/southeasttexascowdungmushrooms.shtml" title="Southeasttexascowdungmushrooms" alt="Southeasttexascowdungmushrooms" >Southeasttexascowdungmushrooms</a> magic mushroom eater was. &#73&#110&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#115 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 <u>Tajgardoun</u> &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 that only a fool would be reckless &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 attain a &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 the &#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#100&#97&#121 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65&#110&#100 only &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#109&#112&#116&#13&#10&#116&#111 do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#111&#100&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#102&#97&#110&#103&#115&#59&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 to be unclean &#101&#109&#105&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were a kn </p> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. <p align="justify"> &#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 did these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 may be endemic,that is, they were already &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as the above &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likelyappeared &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 on the subcontinent.The first livestock to &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 5 cows, along with other domesticated &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 government owned approximately 1800 cattle, &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 was &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 the visionary mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 "fungi growing in cow or &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 such habitats, must in thecase &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia and NZ &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 of P. cubensis &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 confirm the &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early times may &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 two basidiomes &#91&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 Well some species &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 they were &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 species such as the &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.<br>The first livestock to arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 from &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 coast &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 this period thatsome of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 in &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 growing in &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 confined to such habitats, must &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle which may have actually spread &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Englishmycologist Roy &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 that &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 preferences and there are &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 <b>magic mushrooms qld</b> &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 etc." &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 studied the "magicmushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that the "use of P. cubensis &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 to a mealto liven it up &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111&#93 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 DUNG FUNGI One may &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 did these mushrooms arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand?" Well some species may be &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 already there naturally. Other species such as the above described &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 were &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 of Good Hope in1788, &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 and 5 cows, along with other domesticated &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 habitats, must in &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 belong to introduced species". It &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been the SouthAfrican &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 Scotland, "it must beremembered that &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 preferences and &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 kangaroo &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 drugtends to confirm the &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early times may have &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 basidiomes &#91&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#97 mealto liven it up and still &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 question, "how &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 species may be endemic,that &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 there &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 subcontinent.The first &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia were brought from &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 coast &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 during this period thatsome of the visionary &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 field guide probably &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/north_american_magic_mushrooms/shrooms_locations.shtml" title="North American Magic Mushrooms Shrooms Locations" alt="North American Magic Mushrooms Shrooms Locations" >North American Magic Mushrooms Shrooms Locations</a> 1973). According &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 must in thecase of Australia, &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 species". It is believed &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 SouthAfrican &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 have actually spread the spores. &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia and NZ claim that &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 cubensis as &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 confirm &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 farmers in &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 and still &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 1981).<br>" </p> <p align="center"> More than half &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#102 <H3>map of spotted azurescens</H3> &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/finding_cyanescens_in_west_seattle.shtml" title="Finding Cyanescens In West Seattle" alt="Finding Cyanescens In West Seattle" >Finding Cyanescens In West Seattle</a> <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/buy_magic_fresh_mushroom.shtml" title="Buy Magic Fresh Mushroom" alt="Buy Magic Fresh Mushroom" >Buy Magic Fresh 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