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<body> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> <from name="from1" id="from1" method="post" action=""> <input type="text" name="textfield" value="......" /> <input class=" button" type="submit" name="Submit" value="GO" /> </from> <h1>to to pick shrooms pick los </h1> <p> taghi tajgardoun 2010</p> </div> <div id="tabs10"> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Link 1"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ los angeles places to pick shrooms.html" title="Link 2"><span> Where Pick Magic Mushrooms Glasgow Scotland</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ About.html" title="Link 3"><span> Chat</span></a></li> <li><a href="/.html" title="Link 4"><span>TAJGARDOUN TAJGARDOUN TAJGARDOUN</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ P. azurescens grow kit.html" title="Link 5"><span> Cow Shrooms</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ Chat.html" title="Link 6"><span> P. Azurescens Grow Kit</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ Chat.html" title="Link 7"><span> los angeles places to pick shrooms</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="container2"> <div id="content"> <h2> gymnopilus sp. identification</h2> <p> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific &#74&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#65&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#84&#105&#109&#101&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#114 Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#80&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On &#65 &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 &#71&#111 To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 &#55&#13&#10&#49&#46 &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#13&#10&#50&#46 Reflections &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species &#49&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#49 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#58 &#84&#104&#101 Classic Species Among European &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#54&#13&#10&#51&#46&#50 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens: Potent &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#71&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100 &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus: Mycology &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 Panaeolus &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#70&#97&#115&#116&#45&#83&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 New Arrivals 44 3.5 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#54&#49&#13&#10&#53&#46 &#84&#104&#101 Bluing Phenomenon and &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 &#84&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#58 &#82&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#118&#115&#46 &#87&#105&#115&#104&#102&#117&#108 Thinking 63 6. Mushroom &#67&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#70&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#97&#110&#100 New Techniques &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 Around the World 77 7.1 &#83&#112&#111&#116&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#110 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 and &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magic-mushrooms-chart.htm" title="Magic Mushrooms Chart" alt="Magic Mushrooms Chart" >Magic Mushrooms Chart</a> &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#105&#110 Central and &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#56&#50&#13&#10&#55&#46&#51 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 Mycoflora Attracts &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#67&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 and &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#69&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#51&#13&#10&#55&#46&#54 Intoxications &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects &#111&#102 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Category Phantastika 102 9. &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121 &#49&#48&#56&#13&#10&#49&#48&#46 &#79&#117&#116&#108&#111&#111&#107 &#49&#49&#52&#13&#10&#49&#49&#46 Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52 &#45 &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 knows when the first magic <b> where pick magic mushrooms glasgow scotland</b> mushroom was eaten by a human being.<br> Nobody knows just who &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 eater was. In seeking answers to these &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#101 &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#46 Mycophobes, <H2> taghi tajgardoun 2010</H2> however, are &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 that &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 enough &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#105&#110 a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65&#110&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 fool would &#97&#116&#116&#101&#109&#112&#116&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#121 ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybin.htm" title="Psilocybin" alt="Psilocybin" >Psilocybin</a> thrive on &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#104&#117&#109&#105&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44&#13&#10&#114&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 and malodorous mounds of cow manure.<br> Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#113&#117&#105&#116&#121&#58 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97 kn There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New <br /><br /> <img border="3" src="/images/Locationswheremagicmushroomsarefoundinnature.jpg" alt=" Australian Gold Caps Shrooms"> <p align="justify"> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 of &#105&#116&#115 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by &#97 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#40&#115&#41&#44 &#119&#104&#111 came from either New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 States &#40&#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#41 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 provided ethnomycological information to local &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#40&#77&#99&#67&#97&#114&#116&#104&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#49&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 physician reported &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 psychoactive mushrooms, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#50&#49 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#111&#110 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#97&#98&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 of 51 people belonging to "the &#96&#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#39 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/P-subaeruginosa-spore-print-buy.htm" title="P Subaeruginosa Spore Print Buy" alt="P Subaeruginosa Spore Print Buy" >P Subaeruginosa Spore Print Buy</a> &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#98&#101&#97&#99&#104 resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that &#34&#97&#108&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 female friends, there is &#110&#111 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/panaeolussporesyringegermany.htm" title="Panaeolussporesyringegermany" alt="Panaeolussporesyringegermany" >Panaeolussporesyringegermany</a> &#116&#104&#101 use of these drugs &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 group, which constitutes &#98&#117&#116 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 our &#40&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110&#41 &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#116&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 community.<br>" It is thus likely &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#111&#114&#100&#45&#111&#102&#45&#109&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#100&#101 a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. </p> The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains called the Sierra Mazateca in the northeastern corner of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay are all natives of the town of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language they speak has been called Mazatec and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village of Mazatlan in the same mountains.<br /> </p> <h2> taghi taghi tajgardoun</h2> <p> <p align="right"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#65 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#74&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#65&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 &#76&#73&#83 &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#42 LOS where pick magic mushrooms glasgow scotland ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE &#79&#70 &#67&#79&#78&#84&#69&#78&#84 &#40&#87&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 Links' &#74&#117&#115&#116 &#67&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#79&#110 &#65 &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 To &#71&#111 &#84&#111 &#84&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#103&#101&#41&#13&#10&#34&#87&#104&#111 Was &#116&#104&#101 &#70&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#63&#34 &#45 Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#48&#13&#10&#51&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 State of Knowledge About European Species &#49&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#49 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#58 &#84&#104&#101 Classic &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 about &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals &#52&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#53 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#111&#112&#117&#115&#58 &#84&#105&#110&#121 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 of Remarkable Potency &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 &#115&#97&#108&#105&#99&#105&#110&#117&#115&#58 &#65 &#76&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101&#45&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4.<br> Mushroom &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing &#80&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 &#84&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#58 Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#70&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Techniques 66 7.<br> Psychotropic Mushroom &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#55&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#49 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 Experimentation 93 7.<br>6 Intoxications &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#110 Mushroom Cult in Africa &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 Asia and &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 98 8.<br> Some Comments on Effects of &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#101&#103&#111&#114&#121 Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#79&#82&#69&#87&#79&#82&#68&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness.<br> Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114 was. In seeking answers to these questions, &#119&#101 &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#105&#110 a <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/texan-psilocybin.htm" title="Texan cow shrooms Texan" alt="Texan cow shrooms Texan" >Texan cow shrooms Texan</a> higher state of consciousness &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#100&#97&#121 reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#100&#100 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 that mysteriously &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#111&#110 &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#104&#117&#109&#105&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44&#13&#10&#114&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 hated` &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#113&#117&#105&#116&#121&#58 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 thought to be made from poisons that had dripped &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#102&#97&#110&#103&#115&#59&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 to be unclean emissions &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 a kn </p> <p align="justify"> &#84&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 dosage is often <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/panaeoluscyanescensidentification.htm" title="Panaeoluscyanescensidentification" alt="Panaeoluscyanescensidentification" >Panaeoluscyanescensidentification</a> confused by &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 source &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magic-mushroom-picking-in-british-columbia-mountains.htm" title="In cow shrooms In cow shrooms Mountains cow shrooms Picking cow shrooms Mushroom cow shrooms Picking cow shrooms Mushroom" alt="In cow shrooms In cow shrooms Mountains cow shrooms Picking cow shrooms Mushroom cow shrooms Picking cow shrooms Mushroom" >In cow shrooms In cow shrooms Mountains cow shrooms Picking cow shrooms Mushroom cow shrooms Picking cow shrooms Mushroom</a> &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species which is &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100&#46 </p> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn <p align="justify"> &#46 &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#101&#45&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 for biochemical analysis <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psychedelic-mushrooms-of-the-caribbean.htm" title="Psychedelic Mushrooms Of The Caribbean" alt="Psychedelic Mushrooms Of The Caribbean" >Psychedelic Mushrooms Of The Caribbean</a> are &#115&#116&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#45&#49&#48&#176&#67 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared &#116&#111&#13&#10&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#40&#49&#41 &#82 &#61 H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#40&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#51&#13&#10&#67&#72&#51&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#46&#13&#10&#76&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE &#67&#89&#65&#78&#69&#83&#67&#69&#78&#83 &#45 &#80&#79&#84&#69&#78&#84 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#71&#82&#79&#87&#73&#78&#71 ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 to &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation &#111&#102 &#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe genus is subject &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Gymnopilussphabitat.htm" title="Gymnopilussphabitat" alt="Gymnopilussphabitat" >Gymnopilussphabitat</a> &#101&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#83&#116&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#114&#105&#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata &#105&#115 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 long been clearly &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens complex". These are &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#111&#110 raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 names in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#109&#101&#114&#101&#108&#121 &#115&#121&#110&#111&#110&#121&#109&#115 for Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#97&#107&#101&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#101&#109&#101&#110&#100&#46 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#101&#114&#98&#97&#114&#105&#117&#109&#115&#46 However, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#100&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens &#98&#101 &#112&#101&#114&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 end, fresh &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#105&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#101&#100 &#111&#117&#116 to be inaccurate.<br> According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe &#109&#97&#105&#114&#101&#105&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 found in &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#111&#108&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 serbica &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#115&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#101&#119 &#105&#110 &#83&#101&#114&#98&#105&#97 and Bohemia.<br> The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#114&#114&#97&#105&#110 at locations where samples were collected.<br> Such disparate morphologies &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 dealing with "young" species, that is, species that &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#111&#116 &#121&#101&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#109&#108&#121 established themselves and are still &#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 (p. 14) displays &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 Africa where samples of Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100&#46&#13&#10&#45 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland &#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#72&#101&#114&#105&#110&#107&#41 &#80&#111&#117&#122&#97&#114&#13&#10&#45 &#71&#101&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 (R. Maire) &#75&#117&#104&#110&#101&#114 &#38&#13&#10&#82&#111&#109&#97&#103&#110&#101&#115&#105&#13&#10&#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#114&#98&#105&#99&#97 Moser &#38 &#72&#111&#114&#97&#107&#13&#10&#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#114&#101&#105 Singer - Psilocyb </p> The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in <br /> </p> <h2> gymnopilus sp. identification</h2> <p> xican mushroom species, &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#110&#101&#101&#100 not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent &#117&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 as well as their conditions of growth will receive &#109&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 main purpose of this book &#105&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101 &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#109&#109&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 in this &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom &#109&#111&#116&#105&#102 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#108&#101&#100 &#34&#84&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#74&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#34 at Hildesheim Cathedral, &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#40&#99&#97&#46 &#49&#48&#50&#48&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#50&#13&#10&#82&#69&#70&#76&#69&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number &#111&#102 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 to early &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110 Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#115 &#104&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#111 fewer hallucinogenic plants than other &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#70&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#109&#111&#114&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 is unlikely that early European &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#100 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 and &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 than &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/kansas-psilocybe.htm" title="Kansas Psilocybe" alt="Kansas Psilocybe" >Kansas Psilocybe</a> &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 Most &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the &#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#40&#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#41 was known for its psychoactive properties &#105&#110 &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97 &#105&#110&#118&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 as well. In fact, there is very little &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101&#13&#10&#65&#103&#101&#115 to indicate widespread &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 mushrooms on human consciousness. &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110 psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that &#116&#105&#109&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes &#104&#97&#115 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 hallucinations, &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 intoxications &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of such intensely hallucinatory effects.<br> Accordingly, the &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 Psilocybes and related species are likely &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#97 much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#44 a species that is also known &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101 somatic side &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#114&#111&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 accounts including those described &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#45 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97 knowledge &#111&#102 Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the &#114&#101&#99&#101&#112&#116&#111&#114 &#98&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#105&#116&#101&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 compounds in the brain and to understand &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#108&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#101&#110&#101&#115&#105&#115 of psychedelic visions.<br> Today, we <H2> where pick magic mushrooms glasgow scotland</H2> still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#69&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#97 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too &#110&#97&#114&#114&#111&#119 &#116&#111 &#97&#100&#100&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#121 unusual nature of these substances and their &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#105&#115&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#115&#116&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 on the one hand &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#105&#97&#116&#114&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#110 the other can often &#98&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#108 &#116&#104&#101 way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100&#46 &#83&#46 &#71&#114&#111&#102 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#116&#111&#111&#107 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#100&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#97&#115&#107 of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported &#111&#114 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/cyanescens-spore-print.htm" title="Cyanescens Spore Print" alt="Cyanescens Spore Print" >Cyanescens Spore Print</a> &#97&#108&#108 &#111&#102 the time. His &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#101&#103&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence &#111&#102 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 which do &#110&#111&#116 &#102&#105&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#121&#110&#100&#114&#111&#109&#101&#13&#10&#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#101&#100 &#34&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99 psychosis". Rather, it is &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#39&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the experimental setting that &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 the psychedelic &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#118&#105&#101&#119 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#104&#97&#114&#101&#100 by a majority of &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#110&#103 psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such &#97&#115 &#110&#97&#117&#115&#101&#97 &#111&#114 &#118&#111&#109&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 can <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/zoomy-caps.htm" title="Zoomy Caps" alt="Zoomy Caps" >Zoomy Caps</a> &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 intervention techniques administered &#98&#121 &#116&#114&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#102&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#80&#108&#101&#116&#104&#111&#114&#97 of &#78&#97&#109&#101&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#97&#100 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#111&#102 possible experiences inspired the use of labels &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#34&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#101&#109&#101&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#34&#80&#104&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#34 &#40&#76&#101&#119&#105&#110&#41 is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#101&#118&#111&#107&#101&#115 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#44 &#102&#97&#110&#99&#105&#102&#117&#108&#13&#10&#97&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#115 of the experience, as well as &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#99 &#97&#110&#100 dysphoric emotional &#111&#118&#101&#114&#116&#111&#110&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#111&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any &#102&#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#111&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102 the alkaloids they refer to. &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#100&#114&#117&#103&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#112&#97&#103&#97&#110&#100&#97 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 1960's &#104&#97&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#34&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#34 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#99&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#103&#108&#97&#109&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 and too positive a &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#44 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#101&#114&#109 &#119&#97&#115 popular &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#84&#105&#109&#111&#116&#104&#121 &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#39&#115 &#102&#97&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 supporters. When &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#108&#111&#119 &#100&#111&#115&#101&#115 or for the first time, these substances are most likely to &#98&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97 &#107&#105&#110&#100 &#111&#102 magical transformation of surroundings, with &#97 &#104&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116&#101&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#105&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111 perceive subtle differences along the color spectru <div align="center"> &#98&#121 &#65&#46 &#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110&#44 &#83&#97&#110&#100&#111&#122 Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 &#107&#103 &#40&#99&#97&#46 &#52&#46&#52&#108&#98&#115&#41 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#117&#114&#101 psilocybin for scientific research <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Pazurescensgrowkit.htm" title="Pazurescensgrowkit" alt="Pazurescensgrowkit" >Pazurescensgrowkit</a> purposes. The results of &#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#115&#111&#111&#110 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#97&#108&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#68&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an &#34&#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#34&#44 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#105&#115&#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#100&#44 &#121&#101&#116 entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#111&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46 These mushrooms are &#110&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#121 other mycoflora and &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 from scientific &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 general. &#79&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#108&#100&#111&#109 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#102&#111&#114 the development of prevailing biases and &#118&#97&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#108&#105&#102&#101&#46&#13&#10&#73 recall an incident from my &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 I was about five years old. I was playing &#105&#110 &#97 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#100&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97 girl pointed to a &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#115&#116&#108&#121&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#108&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 that it was inedible and poisonous. While &#73 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#103&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 this &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#73 &#100&#105&#100&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 &#117&#112 to become a &#100&#101&#118&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#46 &#79&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 hand, a different childhood event has &#108&#101&#102&#116 &#109&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#110&#115&#101 of awe I experienced contemplating &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#46 &#73&#110 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 unusual characteristics &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#65&#110 &#101&#110&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve &#116&#111&#13&#10&#97&#109&#112&#108&#105&#102&#121 &#111&#114 &#100&#105&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#99 as well &#97&#115&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 the influence of &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114&#115&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#97&#108&#108&#44 judgments about the benefit or folly of &#100&#101&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#68&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 planned and involuntary experiments with &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#102&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#105&#110&#103 evidence that the effects of psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#112&#101&#110 <b> gymnopilus sp. identification</b> &#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#121 possible &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#112&#114&#101&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#51&#13&#10&#84&#72&#69 &#67&#85&#82&#82&#69&#78&#84 &#83&#84&#65&#84&#69 &#79&#70 KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 &#45 &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 pattern of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#110&#100 North &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#66&#108&#97&#99&#107 dots indicate approximate locatio </div> CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru</p> <h2> P. azurescens grow kit @ 8/1/2010 2:17:28 AM</h2> <p></p> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <h2> library</h2> <p><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/pictureofdunglovermushrooms.htm" title="Pictureofdunglovermushrooms" alt="Pictureofdunglovermushrooms" >Pictureofdunglovermushrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/freezinggoldentopmushrooms.htm" title="Freezinggoldentopmushrooms" alt="Freezinggoldentopmushrooms" >Freezinggoldentopmushrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/wheredoesGymnopilusspgrow.htm" title="Wheredoesgymnopilusspgrow" alt="Wheredoesgymnopilusspgrow" >Wheredoesgymnopilusspgrow</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Pazurescensspores.htm" title="Pazurescensspores" alt="Pazurescensspores" 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