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<body> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> <from name="from1" id="from1" method="post" action=""> <input type="text" name="textfield" value="......" /> <input class=" button" type="submit" name="Submit" value="GO" /> </from> <h1>shrooms brisbane</h1> <p>Psilocybin Romania</p> </div> <div id="tabs10"> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Link 1"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Contact.html" title="Link 2"><span>Chat</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Contact.html" title="Link 3"><span>Contact</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Archives.html" title="Link 4"><span>Gallery</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Contact.html" title="Link 5"><span>Contact</span></a></li> <li><a href="/About.html" title="Link 6"><span>Articles</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Forum.html" title="Link 7"><span>Gallery</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="container2"> <div id="content"> <h2>indoor azurescens</h2> <p>, and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. <br /><br /> <img border="5" src="/images/Magic-Mushroom-Nz-Monterey-Mushroom.jpg" alt=" Howtogrowmagicmushroomswithcowmanure"> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ.<br /> </p> <h2>Psilocybe Mairei</h2> <p> <p align="center"> and familiarity &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 that is most likely derived from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#46 However, <b>magicmushroom azurescens outdoor effect</b> it is extremely difficult to reject or &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#100&#117&#101 &#116&#111 the lack &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#100&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#102&#111&#114 analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 way into the realm of myths and legends.<br> For instance, one &#108&#101&#103&#101&#110&#100 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#105&#97&#114 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 in Wales &#40&#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#73&#115&#108&#101&#115&#41 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in &#99&#101&#108&#101&#98&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 world.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata is &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 Europe and it thrives in parts of Great &#66&#114&#105&#116&#97&#105&#110&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 grows abundantly &#97&#108&#108 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#108&#115&#104 countryside during fall &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#108&#105&#107&#101 &#116&#111 thank G. Samorini for pointing out &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#99&#114&#117&#101&#108 and vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, &#86&#97&#108&#116&#114&#111&#109&#112&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#86&#97&#108&#116&#101&#108&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#40&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110 the provinces of <i>Panaeolus subbalteatus</i> Brescia &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#97&#110&#100&#114&#105&#111 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#73&#116&#97&#108&#121&#41&#46 Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 witches' &#109&#101&#101&#116&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#77&#111&#110&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108 Tonale", located at &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#50&#48&#48&#48 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this altitude; &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 mushroom is rarely found there.<br> By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108&#46 &#71&#105&#118&#101&#110 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/firsttimedosageshroomsgoldcaps.shtml" title="Firsttimedosageshroomsgoldcaps" alt="Firsttimedosageshroomsgoldcaps" >Firsttimedosageshroomsgoldcaps</a> this historical context, it would seem &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/what_is_the_most_important_england_spore.shtml" title="Most England Most Important England Most Important" alt="Most England Most Important England Most Important" >Most England Most Important England Most Important</a> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 an important role as a psychotropic &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 (see &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#56&#44&#13&#10&#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#55&#46&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 of medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, it is &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk &#82&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#87&#97&#114&#114&#105&#111&#114&#115&#13&#10&#73&#110 the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#97&#103&#97&#110 religions &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 &#78&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#13&#10&#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#115 of &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#108&#111&#115&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 aggressive repression &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#114&#97&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#101&#45&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#108&#108 but destroyed the continuity &#111&#102&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#39&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#101&#114&#105&#116&#97&#103&#101&#44 along with much historic evidence &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 the usage &#111&#102 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#111&#114 the purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#83&#111&#109&#101 <H1>magicmushroom azurescens outdoor effect</H1> authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom &#102&#111&#114 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#101&#114&#98&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors.<br> Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the &#101&#121&#101&#115&#34 &#40&#105&#46&#101&#46 &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#41&#46 After &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#108 &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109 &#98&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 the practice of "going berserk", &#105&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the 12th century. At about the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that &#116&#104&#101 &#66&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#117&#115&#101&#100 mag </p> <p align="left"> &#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#115 that &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 New World. There &#105&#115 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110 &#116&#111 believe &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#101&#103&#101&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 one half of the globe &#105&#115 &#112&#111&#111&#114&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#114&#105&#99&#104&#101&#114 in species with hallucinogenic &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 half. Why, then, should there be &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121&#63 &#72&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 in &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 not discovered many of the &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115&#63 &#65&#114&#101 some of them too toxic in other ways &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#117&#116&#105&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100&#63 &#79&#114 has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have &#110&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#46 &#66&#117&#116 we do know that the &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#104&#97&#115 &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 known species employed hallucinogenically &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 World: compared &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#49&#53 &#111&#114 &#50&#48 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49&#48&#48&#33 &#89&#101&#116 some of the Old World hallucinogens &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121 &#104&#111&#108&#100 &#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#111&#102 all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#115&#39 brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Psilocybesubaeruginosahigh.shtml" title="Psilocybesubaeruginosahigh" alt="Psilocybesubaeruginosahigh" >Psilocybesubaeruginosahigh</a> European philosophy, medicine, and &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#97&#110&#121 years. &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The &#114&#111&#108&#101 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Psilocybesubaeruginosahigh.shtml" title="Psilocybesubaeruginosahigh" alt="Psilocybesubaeruginosahigh" >Psilocybesubaeruginosahigh</a> &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 the cultural and social development &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte </p> <div <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magicmushroomsgoldcaps.shtml" title="Magicmushroomsgoldcaps" alt="Magicmushroomsgoldcaps" >Magicmushroomsgoldcaps</a> align="left"> The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#105&#101&#114&#114&#97 Mazateca in <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/grow_your_own_magic_mushrooms_kit_usa.shtml" title="Grow Your Own Magic Mushrooms Kit Usa" alt="Grow Your Own Magic Mushrooms Kit Usa" >Grow Your Own Magic Mushrooms Kit Usa</a> the northeastern &#99&#111&#114&#110&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 state of &#79&#97&#120&#97&#99&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115 &#105&#110 this essay are all natives of the town of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#101&#99&#97&#110&#115&#59 but since &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 has been called Mazatec &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#105&#110 the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103&#44 Mazatecs are the inhabitants &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 Mazatlan &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 </div> <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe_bohemica_soil.shtml" title="Psilocybe Bohemica Soil" alt="Psilocybe Bohemica Soil" >Psilocybe Bohemica Soil</a> <p align="left"> several members of a &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#108 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 in &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 are eaten in &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 man &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 the &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 creation. Then they sit &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 light, dream and &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 other, presences seated &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#109&#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100 by &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 without their communality. In &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 everyone present the purpose of the &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 The chemicals of transformation &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 the circuits of &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 called by us mind-manifesting, were known &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 the means given &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 and to heal, to see and to say the truth. &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#99&#117&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#115 a predilection for &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 experiences of the creative imagination or who would &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 journeys into the strange, unknown depths &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 frequently: those who do are the shamans, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#118&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 it is to eat the mushrooms because &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 the spirit, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of wisdom. They are &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 people to &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 adventures, and when &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms they always call to &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 psilo cybine gold tops &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 medicine man presides &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 just as the &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116 &#111&#102 a situation in which, &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 to &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#111&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 speaks for each of those who are present. As &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 Spanish &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 World said: "They pay a &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 the mushrooms] and tells them what &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 He does so by means of a &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#102&#117&#108&#108 voice.<br>"several members of a family eat the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 not uncommon for &#97 &#102&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 uncles, and aunts to all participate &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 in pairs, a &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation.<br> Then they sit &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 In &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 known to &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 the &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 to see and to &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 whether to &#99&#117&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#97&#110 ailment or &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 imagination or who would want to &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 unknown depths of the &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 the masters, whose vocation &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 the mushrooms &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 men of the spirit, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of wisdom. They &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 their people to be expert in such psychological &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 others eat &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 call to be with &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 one &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#115 considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 over the session, for &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 which, rather than being allowed to &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#111&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#115 one &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104 chroniclers of &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#46&#34&#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 family &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 it is not uncommon for a &#102&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 and aunts to all participate &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 the mind &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 in pairs, a couple representing &#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation.<br> Then they sit together in &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109 and realize and converse with each other, presences seated &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 immaterialized by the blackness, voices &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 In a general sense, for everyone &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 the session &#105&#115 &#97 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 The chemicals &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 the circuits of light, vision, and &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 to know and to &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 during their lives, have eaten &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who &#104&#97&#115 &#97 &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 journeys into the &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#100&#101&#112&#116&#104&#115 &#111&#102 the &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 the mushrooms &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 men &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 wisdom.<br> They are individuals recognized by their people &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 such psychological &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 others eat the mushrooms they always &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 them, as a guide, one &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#115 considered &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 these modalities of the spirit. The medicine &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 session, for just &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 is &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 experience unfolds in the authoritarian &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116 &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined &#116&#111 &#107&#101&#101&#112 &#115&#105&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#91&#116&#104&#101 mushrooms and tells them what they &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice."several members of a &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#108 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 The kinship relation is thus the &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 subjectivity &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 the dual principle &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 Then they sit together &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 dream and &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 each other, presences seated &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 immaterialized &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 revelation &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 Indians as &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 to &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100 to heal, to &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 the truth.<br> Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 whether &#116&#111 &#99&#117&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#115 &#97 &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it &#105&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms because &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 people to be expert in &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 when the others eat the mushrooms &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 with &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 one &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit.<br> The medicine man presides over the session, for just as &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 paternal and authoritarian, the liberating &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 authoritarian context &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#115 &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#107&#101&#101&#112 silent and listen while the &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#97&#99&#104 of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 As &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 Spanish &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 World said: &#34&#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#97&#121 &#97 &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 who eats them the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant &#105&#110 &#102&#117&#108&#108 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#46&#34 </p> <p align="center"> a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 that tend to share their habitats &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 to the discovery of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; coloration is a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with translucent striate margins; &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 or greenish-yellow against an overall &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 by a darkcolored, &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 No stripes or &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are completely dried.<br> Lacking &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 thin-fleshed, bald, with an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at the stem only, fully detached later on.<br> Spores are &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 shape, smooth and &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown.<br> Stem &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 uniformly thin and always twisted, &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 mm thick, yellowish &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 areas subjected to pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 and lined with &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 is ocher brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 the bottom. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 published in German, with an English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 England, Wales, Italy and Spain.<br> Unfortunately, there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 often &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 obscurity.<br> To this &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 often &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 wide, margins are bent and curved inward; &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 when wet, with translucent striate &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is ocher or greenish-yellow against an &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 edge. No stripes or banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 time, turning shiny when dry.<br> Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 white, &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 only, &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 dust is blackish purple brown.<br> Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 cm long and 1.25-2 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found in pastures and along &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 as &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 with an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 "The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 abound" is particularly pertinent &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species. Prior to the &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 genus languished &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 obscurity. To this &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 Fr. Worthless The cap &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 pointy or obtuse &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 and curved inward; later on, width of <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/cyanescens_spores.shtml" title="Cyanescens Spores" alt="Cyanescens Spores" >Cyanescens Spores</a> cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of smudgy &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 greenish stains; &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a darkcolored, &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 No stripes <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/cyanescens_spores.shtml" title="Cyanescens Spores" alt="Cyanescens Spores" >Cyanescens Spores</a> or banding evident &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 Lacking a veil, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 brown to blackish purple brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges often remaining white, &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 the stem only, &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 are elongated &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always twisted, 6-12 cm &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 yellowish or whitish in color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop bluishgreen stains. Stems &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 at the center, &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 of a veil, which is brittle and &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 while the stem's &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, especially towards the bottom.<br> It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 in gregarious clusters, and can be found in &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) is &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern.<br> Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 prominent &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 mushrooms &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly conic to &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 or obtuse &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 protrusion; initially, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 than &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 bent and curved inward; later on, width &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 cm. &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a darkcolored, watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 thin-fleshed, bald, with an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 for &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 with the edges often remaining &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; gill attachment is either &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 up to 3.5 mm wide; &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 only, fully detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and large, measuring 12-16 u by &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 fibrils &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture.<br> When &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the cap &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 is mild. The mushroom grows from &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 in gregarious clusters, and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, growing on &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 complete decomposition. It &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 sp </p> <p align="center"> &#46 &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#101&#45&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 samples for biochemical analysis are stored &#97&#116 &#45&#49&#48&#176&#67 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#46&#13&#10&#76&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 black dots.<br> CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata is &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#105&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#46 At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Panaeolussubbalteatusindelaware.shtml" title="Panaeolussubbalteatusindelaware" alt="Panaeolussubbalteatusindelaware" >Panaeolussubbalteatusindelaware</a> single species &#119&#105&#116&#104&#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#105&#115 subject to considerable controversy &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#101&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#115&#116&#115&#46 &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#83&#116&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#114&#105&#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata &#105&#115 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 long &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#108&#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 is well known by &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101&#44 according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe_mexicana/bad_shrooms.shtml" title="Psilocybe Mexicana Bad Shrooms" alt="Psilocybe Mexicana Bad Shrooms" >Psilocybe Mexicana Bad Shrooms</a> &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 as belonging to the "Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120&#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#97&#114&#101 all mushrooms &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#111&#110 &#114&#97&#119 compost and &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 states of knowledge, the following names in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#109&#101&#114&#101&#108&#121 &#115&#121&#110&#111&#110&#121&#109&#115 for Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#97&#107&#101&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#101&#109&#101&#110&#100&#46 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#101&#114&#98&#97&#114&#105&#117&#109&#115&#46 However, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#100&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#101 performed.<br> &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 samples &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#121 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 definitely turned out &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#97&#99&#99&#117&#114&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 his system, -North Africa was &#104&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#111 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#114&#101&#105&#44 while Psilocybe cyanescens were &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 Holland &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#114&#98&#105&#99&#97 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#115&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#101&#119 in Serbia &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#66&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#114&#114&#97&#105&#110 at locations where samples were &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#101&#115 are to be expected when dealing &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#34&#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#34 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 species that have &#110&#111&#116 &#121&#101&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100&#46&#13&#10&#45 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#82&#46 Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens &#40&#82&#46 &#77&#97&#105&#114&#101&#41 &#75&#117&#104&#110&#101&#114 &#38&#13&#10&#82&#111&#109&#97&#103&#110&#101&#115&#105&#13&#10&#45 Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#114&#101&#105 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114&#13&#10&#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98 </p> <br /> </p> <h2>psilocybin psilocybin</h2> <p>It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, was followed by a &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 soul in flight, coupled with &#102&#101&#101&#108&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#111&#102 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97&#46&#87&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#108&#111&#111&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#117&#116 the window into the dark night &#111&#102 &#97&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#99&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of eternity. At the end of &#102&#111&#117&#114 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#111&#114 comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 g of dried Psilocybe semilanceata. The onset of symptoms was much more sudden, &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 &#102&#108&#111&#119 of tears, so that there was an initial <H2>Magic Brisbane Magic</H2> phase of anxiety. Only in a later phase of the &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#116 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 to perceive &#111&#114&#110&#97&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109 of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the &#97&#101&#115&#116&#104&#101&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#101&#110&#104&#97&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 visions.<br> The regular pattern of. involuntary intoxications is a good &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#111&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 scope of expansion of Inocybe aeruginascens into new habitats during the &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#97&#116 the time of the initial intoxications - when the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#115&#116&#114&#105&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 a few easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#80&#111&#116&#115&#100&#97&#109 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 location known in 1982, and from there moved on &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34).<br> Symbiosis With Trees Starting &#105&#110 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#77&#97&#121 &#49&#57&#56&#52&#44 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 bodies of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 found in abundance at countless <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/PSILOCYBEMAIREI.shtml" title="Psilocybemairei" alt="Psilocybemairei" >Psilocybemairei</a> new locations across the Brandenburg region of &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 grow near the roots of different deciduous trees (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115&#44&#13&#10&#97&#116 <H1>Panaeolus subbalteatus delaware</H1> &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102 trails and in the paved margin areas of tree-lined sidewalks (where they may even grow on bare, sandy soil) as well as amongst the greenery &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 the suburbs &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 Berlin.<br> Herein lies the most &#109&#97&#114&#107&#101&#100 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 other European &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#58&#13&#10&#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#111&#110&#108&#121 in areas of human development.<br> Their prime locations are in the middle &#111&#102 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#119&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 they grow locally much like other Inocybe species. They may temporarily &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#115 &#113&#117&#97&#110&#116&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 fruiting bodies, in those locations that are &#116&#121&#112&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#105&#101&#115 of the fairy ring mushroom. So far, the most abundant crop of &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110 1987, due &#116&#111 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#119&#101&#116&#13&#10&#119&#101&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 which allowed the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 years were comparatively dry and the species hardly &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#46 &#73&#116 wasn't until &#49&#57&#57&#48 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#102&#101&#119 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam. Despite 1989 having been a &#98&#97&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#105&#116 was the <i>MAGIC MAGIC</i> year when Inocybe &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#102&#111&#114 the first &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#97&#116 &#102&#111&#117&#114 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 in and &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#82&#111&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107&#44&#13&#10&#97 &#99&#105&#116&#121 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 on the Eastern &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#102&#97&#109&#111&#117&#115 for its wet climate. Finding the mushrooms at these &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#115 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#102&#111&#114 a mu , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me &#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#119&#105&#116&#104 sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52&#57 &#45 Psilocybe cubensis on <i>psilocybian manure</i> horse &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of &#118&#105&#114&#117&#115&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 in champignon cultures - &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97 lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 of Psilocybe cubensis. &#84&#111 &#97 &#108&#101&#115&#115&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#116&#44 such information &#105&#115 &#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 species as well.<br> Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#110&#101&#119 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 of these &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 the biochemical &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 my experiments, &#105&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 that the &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#98&#121 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 in Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 complex methodology and the type of equipment &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101 <i>Psilocybe cyanescens in los angeles</i> &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#105&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110 sterile cultures, it appears unlikely &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/sizes_of_the_liberty_cap_mushrooms.shtml" title="The Sizes The Mushrooms Cap Cap" alt="The Sizes The Mushrooms Cap Cap" >The Sizes The Mushrooms Cap Cap</a> &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution &#97&#110&#121&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#115&#111&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 1980s, growing numbers of &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#115 selection of natural wood &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#40&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115&#41 that usually turn blue &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#115&#112&#111&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#108&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#84&#104&#101 mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or &#99&#111&#109&#109&#101&#114&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#109&#117&#108&#99&#104 &#40&#110&#111&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#101&#100&#97&#114 &#116&#114&#101&#101&#115&#41&#46 After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#48 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice.<br> Figure 52 - Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 &#119&#101&#116 &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure &#53&#51 &#45 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Hildesheim_liberty_cap.shtml" title="Hildesheim Liberty Cap" alt="Hildesheim Liberty Cap" >Hildesheim Liberty Cap</a> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia.<br> Figure 55 - Giant &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#99&#117&#108&#112&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#75&#101&#114&#97&#108&#97&#44 India. &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#100&#101&#98&#97&#116&#101 among experts &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#117&#108&#112&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#54 - Magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#38 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#98&#117&#102&#102&#97&#108&#111 &#116&#45&#115&#104&#105&#114&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#84&#104&#97&#105&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100 for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.<br>1 SPOTLIGHT <H3>queensland central blue queensland</H3> ON &#78&#79&#82&#84&#72 &#65&#77&#69&#82&#73&#67&#65 &#65&#78&#68 &#72&#65&#87&#65&#73&#73&#13&#10&#73&#110 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the &#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#44&#13&#10&#97 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#79&#110&#101 year later, two &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#115&#44 &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 psilocybin, as well as &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99&#13&#10&#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110 CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. 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