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Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio <br /><br /> <a href="/spotted_map_of_distribution.shtml"><img border="3" src="/images/Identifying-Dried-Cubensis-Mushrooms.jpg" alt=" Spotted Map Of Distribution"></a> a have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Spain.<br> Unfortunately, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 detailing the species's distribution pattern. &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 that tend to &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 to the discovery of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, few 189. &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 wart-like &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 long time, turning shiny &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 quite crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully detached later on.<br> Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 u by &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.<br>25-2 mm &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 of &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, while the stem's &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 to &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 has undergone complete decomposition. It &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 shown here as originally published &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported from the &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more prominent species. The sarcastic &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly conic to bell-shaped, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 obtuse center &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 initially, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 than they are &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 margins are banded &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly adnexed; up &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 attached at the stem only, &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated to ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 u by &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 bluishgreen stains.<br> &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 cortinate fibrils appear &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh of the cap is colored pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 flesh is ocher brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 the bottom. It &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 flavor &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 from &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 in gregarious clusters, and &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 and along roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 has undergone &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 a particularly &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in German, with an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny species, such as Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 in reference to the &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 bell-shaped, with a &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 than &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, coloration is ocher or &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of smudgy pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 around the edge. No stripes or banding evident &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 mm wide; attached at the &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 later on. Spores are &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 smooth and large, measuring &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 of spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown. Stem &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 uniformly &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 6-12 cm long &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 or whitish in color; areas &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 bluishgreen stains.<br> Stems are silky smooth and roughly &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with a white fibrous &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in color, especially &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild. The mushroom grows &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 frequently &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 roadways, growing &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 complete decomposition. It is &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in German, with an English translation. Mycologists spa have been reported from the following countries: Finland, &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 species's distribution pattern.<br> &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 that tend to share their habitats with <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magic_mushroom_pic/growing_magic_mushroom.shtml" title="Magic Mushroom Pic Growing Magic Mushroom" alt="Magic Mushroom Pic Growing Magic Mushroom" >Magic Mushroom Pic Growing Magic Mushroom</a> other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 is particularly pertinent in &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 to the &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 genus languished in the literature, shrouded &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 caps are often taller &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 margins are bent and curved inward; later &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow and oftentimes some greenish &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 a veil, caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 easily separable pellicle &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 turning &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 brown to &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 white, gill spacing is quite &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 either roughly &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 to 3.5 mm wide; attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, measuring 12-16 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown. Stem is &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 thin &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 cm long and 1.<br>25-2 mm thick, &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 cord of wool-like texture.<br> When dry, the flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, while the stem's &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, especially towards the bottom. It &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 flavor is mild. The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 has &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 not &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 11(above) This excellent description &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 Michael &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists &#115&#112 <div align="left"> as well. &#66&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#114&#112&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#104&#105&#115 research protocols: J.H. (a 24-year-old male) ingested four cooked mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later.<br> This was followed by &#114&#101&#103&#117&#114&#103&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#52&#53&#13&#10&#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 he started to sweat profusely &#97&#108&#108 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#13&#10&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#100 &#97&#110&#100 body. His pulse rate &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#99&#99&#101&#108&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#117&#116 slowed down later on. He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and &#116&#111&#13&#10&#114&#117&#110 &#97 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 about 1,200 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#117&#112&#105&#108&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped and then &#112&#114&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#120&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#114&#101&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 abnormal state had largely subsided; by the next morning, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#97&#115 &#110&#111&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 any other side &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#46&#75&#46 buy azurescens &#40&#97 &#50&#50&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 ate just one fresh mushroom, which had no effects at &#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#75 &#46&#89&#46 &#40&#97 &#51&#49&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 male) &#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#82&#101&#103&#117&#114&#103&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#100 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by &#115&#119&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#104&#101&#97&#100 &#97&#110&#100 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/sizes_of_the_liberty_cap_mushrooms.shtml" title="Sizes Of The Liberty Cap Mushrooms" alt="Sizes Of The Liberty Cap Mushrooms" >Sizes Of The Liberty Cap Mushrooms</a> body; his extremities appeared to &#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#108&#121 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#122&#101&#100&#46 <u>hallucinogenic mushrooms near brisbane</u> &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 persisted for another three hours. During this time, the subject had great difficulties handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such &#97&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#102&#117&#108 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#111&#111&#100&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#100&#111&#119&#110 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the sky. By the following morning, all of these effects had &#100&#105&#115&#115&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 were bitter, a &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 mushrooms had been &#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 experiments are rather amateurish, and the descriptions &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#104&#101&#97&#118&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 by a simplistic perspective which assumes <b>mexican gold mushrooms</b> that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#116&#111 those caused by Psilocybe species &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#111&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#117&#99&#104 &#119&#111&#114&#107 still remains to be done &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#104&#121&#116&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic mushroom species in Japan can grow to become &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#98&#101 studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM &#67&#85&#76&#84 &#73&#78 &#65&#70&#82&#73&#67&#65&#13&#10&#83&#111 &#102&#97&#114&#44 <H1>Psilocybe Azurescens Spores</H1> the mycoflora of the African continent has been &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#112&#104&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 largely unknown.<br> During the late &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#71&#46 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#114&#105&#110&#105 and Terence McKenna, &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were not just &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#44 &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#115 well. On &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#105&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#108&#121 shouldn't come as a surprise that the oldest traces of human contact &#119&#105&#116&#104 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/mushrooms_that_grow_on_horse_manure/gold_cap_cubensis.shtml" title="Mushrooms That Grow On Horse Manure Gold Cap Cubensis" alt="Mushrooms That Grow On Horse Manure Gold Cap Cubensis" >Mushrooms That Grow On Horse Manure Gold Cap Cubensis</a> &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 very continent known as the cradle of humanity.<br> 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to </div><br /> </p> <h2>caps magic magic mushrooms</h2> <p> xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of <div align="center"> &#13&#10&#74&#79&#67&#72&#69&#78 &#71&#65&#82&#84&#90&#13&#10&#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#65 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#74&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#65&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and &#86&#97&#108&#117&#101 &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 &#76&#73&#83 &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#80&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT &#40&#87&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#76&#105&#110&#107&#115&#39 &#74&#117&#115&#116 Click On A Subject &#84&#111 &#71&#111 &#84&#111 &#84&#104&#101 Page) "Who Was the &#70&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#63&#34 &#45 &#70&#111&#114&#101&#119&#111&#114&#100 by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. &#82&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 and Scientific &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 European Psychotropic Mushrooms &#49&#54&#13&#10&#51&#46&#50 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals &#52&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#53 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 Mushrooms from &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanopus: &#84&#105&#110&#121 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#102 &#82&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 Potency 55 3.<br>7 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 &#115&#97&#108&#105&#99&#105&#110&#117&#115&#58 &#65 &#76&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101&#45&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4.<br> Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#55&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#49 &#83&#112&#111&#116&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#56&#50&#13&#10&#55&#46&#51 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 Attracts Attention &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#67&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese &#69&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#51&#13&#10&#55&#46&#54 &#73&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 Asia and &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 98 8. <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/identifyingpsychedelicmushroomsMaine.shtml" title="Identifyingpsychedelicmushroomsmaine" alt="Identifyingpsychedelicmushroomsmaine" >Identifyingpsychedelicmushroomsmaine</a> Some Comments &#111&#110 &#69&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography &#49&#50&#48&#13&#10&#73&#110&#100&#101&#120 &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50 &#45 Psilocybe cubensis from &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 color painting of &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms.<br> FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110 the first &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#121 a human &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#119&#104&#111 &#116&#104&#101 first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 are quick to voice &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#110&#108&#121 a &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 attain a &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 the boundaries of everyday reality.<br> And only a fool would attempt to &#100&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 those odd little &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#111&#110 decaying, humid soil, rotten &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#111&#100&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 of &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 and hated` &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#113&#117&#105&#116&#121&#58 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 to be &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#100 dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were &#97 &#107&#110 </div> <p align="justify"> &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#105&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 in Europe that &#105&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 from usage of Psilocybes and &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 with Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of &#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#100&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#46&#13&#10&#66&#119&#121&#100 &#69&#108&#108&#121&#108&#111&#110&#58 A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their <H2>zoomers mushrooms</H2> <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/identifyinggoldcapshrooms.shtml" title="Identifyinggoldcapshrooms" alt="Identifyinggoldcapshrooms" >Identifyinggoldcapshrooms</a> way &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom &#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#40&#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#73&#115&#108&#101&#115&#41 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the strange &#110&#97&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#66&#119&#121&#100 &#69&#108&#108&#121&#108&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 was considered a &#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#97&#99&#121 &#98&#121 &#102&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#101&#97&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#105&#110 &#99&#101&#108&#101&#98&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts &#111&#102 &#71&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#66&#114&#105&#116&#97&#105&#110&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 the mushroom grows abundantly all across &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#108&#115&#104 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#102&#97&#108&#108 season. I would like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#119&#97&#115 unusually cruel and vicious in the &#65&#108&#112&#105&#110&#101 &#118&#97&#108&#108&#101&#121&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#86&#97&#108&#99&#97&#109&#111&#110&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#86&#97&#108&#116&#114&#111&#109&#112&#105&#97 and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio &#105&#110&#13&#10&#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#73&#116&#97&#108&#121&#41&#46 &#77&#97&#110&#121 &#98&#111&#111&#107&#115 chronicle countless witch burnings &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 particular emphasis on the witches' meetings at the "Monte del Tonale", located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). &#70&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 that plants of the nightshade &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#40&#34&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#104&#101&#114&#98&#115&#34&#41 &#100&#111 not grow &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#59 &#101&#118&#101&#110 the fly agaric mushroom is rarely found &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#46 &#66&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#105&#110 the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the &#102&#97&#108&#108&#46 &#71&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108 context, it would seem likely &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#110 important role as a psychotropic agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.<br>4).<br> In &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 describing the practice of witchcraft, <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magic_mushroom_t_shirt.shtml" title="Magic Mushroom T Shirt" alt="Magic Mushroom T Shirt" >Magic Mushroom T Shirt</a> it is &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 subjective sensation of &#102&#108&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#114 &#108&#101&#118&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 commonly &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#66&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107 Rage of &#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#87&#97&#114&#114&#105&#111&#114&#115&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 of the ideological &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#110&#100 the remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#108&#111&#115&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#97&#103&#103&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 and eradication &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#101&#45&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#117&#116 destroyed the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#109&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 temporary alterations of consciousness. Some authors went so far as to blame the fly &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#102&#111&#114 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#101&#114&#98&#105&#97&#108 fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors. Many accounts detailing &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 &#97&#108&#108&#117&#100&#101 &#116&#111 &#97 "deception of &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#34 &#40&#105&#46&#101&#46 &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108 hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system banished &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#34&#103&#111&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#34&#44 it disappeared quite suddenly during the &#49&#50&#116&#104 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 the same &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44&#13&#10&#83&#97&#120&#111 &#71&#114&#97&#109&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the Berserkers may have &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#103 </p> <p align="center"> In &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 of "magic mushrooms" <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/mushroom_cultivation/mushroom_kit.shtml" title="Mushroom Cultivation Mushroom Mushroom" alt="Mushroom Cultivation Mushroom Mushroom" >Mushroom Cultivation Mushroom Mushroom</a> in Australia may have first become aware of their &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 during &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#108&#57&#54&#48&#39&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#39&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the ingestion of several varieties of &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 in 1972, one local newspaper &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 regarding the use &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 young teenagers at a &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#104&#105&#103&#104 &#115&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108 &#105&#110 Brisbane: ".<br>.<br>.<br>children at &#97 &#115&#117&#98&#117&#114&#98&#97&#110 &#115&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108 &#97&#114&#101 getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold &#84&#111&#112&#115&#46&#39 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 common along the Brisbane River near Toowing &#72&#105&#103&#104 &#83&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, &#49&#57&#55&#50&#41&#46&#34 &#73&#116 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 very obvious to anyone who read this above &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 it &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 those searching for &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 able to find &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#111 desired. There &#105&#115 &#121&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114 that may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 &#114&#111&#108&#101 in promoting interest &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account &#111&#102 &#104&#105&#115 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#114&#101&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46 &#68&#114&#46 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/buying_magic_mushroom/puffball_mushroom.shtml" title="Buying Magic Mushroom Puffball Mushroom" alt="Buying Magic Mushroom Puffball Mushroom" >Buying Magic Mushroom Puffball Mushroom</a> the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957).<br> &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#111&#102 Wasson's research expedition appeared in an &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#101&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#76&#105&#102&#101 Magazine &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#108&#57&#53&#48&#39&#115&#44 providing many &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 with &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101&#107 out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. </p> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). &#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 species &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to arrive in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 domesticated farm &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 owned approximately &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 this period &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 guide probably first &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 Cleland(1934), &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 or horse-dung and &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 in &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 See details Psilocybe semilanceata : Pacific Blue, Liberty Cap &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 in Australia and &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use of P. cubensis &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 to confirm the belief &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 do] Margot & Watling, 1981).<br>" CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 FUNGI One &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 be endemic,that is, they were &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 species such as the &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to arrive in Australia were brought from the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 bulls and 5 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 the Cape, Calcutta, and &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 America.<br> It was during &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 the &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 this &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 to such &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 Australia, &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 droppings etc." Some <H2>tripping off Psilocybe bohemica</H2> mycologists &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early times may have] added one or &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 to &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 FUNGI One may &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally.<br> Other species such &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms most likelyappeared &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 cattle on &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to arrive in Australia &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape of Good Hope in1788, and <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/mushroom_picking_sites_in_wales.shtml" title="Sites In Picking In Sites" alt="Sites In Picking In Sites" >Sites In Picking In Sites</a> included 2 bulls and 5 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 domesticated farm animals. Byl803, <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/discoveryofpsilocybin.shtml" title="Discoveryofpsilocybin" alt="Discoveryofpsilocybin" >Discoveryofpsilocybin</a> the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape, Calcutta, and the &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 It was during this period thatsome &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 in this &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 beremembered that &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 preferences &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the belief that some &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 have added one or two basidiomes gilled &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 up and still do Margot & &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 ask the question, &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 cattle on the &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in Australia were brought from the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 farm animals. Byl803, the &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 America. &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 period thatsome &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 mentioned in this field guide probably first &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 According to Australian mycologist &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 growing &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 and confined to such habitats, must &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 all belong to introduced &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 to &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 must beremembered that fungi can &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 there are &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 etc." Some mycologists &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 "magicmushrooms" in Australia and &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 farmers in &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to a mealto &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#97&#110&#100 still &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 1981)." <br /> </p> <h2>panaeolus cyanescens</h2> <p><p align="justify"> &#13&#10&#77&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 extremely difficult to distinguish from Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 &#85&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 however, Psilocybe pelliculosa will grow &#105&#110 &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 chips &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#97&#119&#100&#117&#115&#116&#46&#13&#10&#66&#101&#117&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#66&#105&#103&#119&#111&#111&#100 were able &#116&#111 &#102&#117&#114&#110&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#111&#111&#102 &#105&#110 support of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 is weaker &#105&#110 &#105&#116&#115 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 comparable species. Psilocybe pelliculosa contains &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48&#45&#53&#48&#37 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 amount of psilocybin found in Psilocybe cyanescens &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#58 &#66&#108&#117&#101 &#119&#97&#118&#121&#44 &#67&#121&#97&#110&#44 Grandote), a &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 Northwest. It fruits primarily in parks, &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#97&#105&#114&#121 &#114&#105&#110&#103&#115&#46 This species did not become popular among users until &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#100&#45&#49&#57&#55&#48&#115&#46 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 fruits most abundantly in the &#102&#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#78&#101&#119 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Mushroom &#84&#114&#105&#112&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#80&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 Sport Several additional Psilocybe <H2>Azurescens Blue</H2> species have been found in the &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 taxonomic classification of most &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101&#44 despite the fact that monographs &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#98&#121 P. Stamets offer quite detailed descriptions &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97&#46 &#73&#110 the mid-1970s, Guzman and &#79&#116&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#97 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 event concerning the spread of &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 During the fall of 1972, large &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103&#108&#121 bluing gilled mushroom with a &#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116 &#114&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 at &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#87&#97&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103&#116&#111&#110 in Seattle. The fruiting bodies were &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#107&#13&#10&#109&#117&#108&#99&#104&#44 which came from a central <i>copelandia cyanescens spores</i> distribution point and which had been spread widely across &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#109&#112&#117&#115 &#98&#121 &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#101 to the bluing reaction, students at &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the mushroom contained psilocybin, a &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on. The &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#97&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 of fruiting bodies quickly inspired students at &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111 &#117&#115&#101 the mushrooms as a hallucinogen.<br> In my opinion, it is still <H1>psilocybe cyanescens growing indoors</H1> uncertain if &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#111&#110&#116&#97&#110&#101&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121&#44 or whether &#105&#116 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#107 debris simply because the substance had &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#109&#105&#120&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 spawn derived &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 any &#99&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#55&#54&#44 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms were named &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#105&#105 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#38 Ott (slang name: "blue veil" or "stuntzees", (see Figures 54 and &#55&#49&#41&#46 &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 can be found growing on &#98&#97&#114&#107 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#110 &#108&#97&#119&#110&#115 in parks, on golf courses, football fields and gardens in numbers so large that it is considered the second most &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#115 &#111&#102 usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata. In addition, Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#105&#115 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species (slang name: "red cap"), even though its users believe it to be slightly more poisonous than <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/tiny_Psilocybe_subaeruginosa.shtml" title="Tiny Psilocybe Subaeruginosa" alt="Tiny Psilocybe Subaeruginosa" >Tiny Psilocybe Subaeruginosa</a> the Psilocybe species. Still, the mushroom is used quite frequently, because it begins &#116&#111 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#46 The &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 other hand, do not appear until fall and continue to &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121&#13&#10&#119&#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 temperatures consistently drop below freezing, which inhibits further fruiting &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101 </p> a have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and Spain.<br> Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 to share &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 prominent species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species. Prior &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata Fr. &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 conic to bell-shaped, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 obtuse center forming an almost &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are wide, margins are bent &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 cap &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 banded by a &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 No stripes or &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are completely dried.<br> Lacking a veil, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 turning shiny when dry.<br> Gills are olive brown to blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 wide; &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 only, fully detached later on. Spores &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh of the cap is colored &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 especially towards the bottom. It &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of Psilocybe semilanceata by &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 shown here as originally &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an English translation. Mycologists spa have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Spain. Unfortunately, there are no &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 <u>of of shrooms</u> &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 tend to &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 prominent species. The sarcastic phrase &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 in &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 wide, margins are bent and &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 striate margins; at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 greenish-yellow against an &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/panaeolussubbalteatusfarm.shtml" title="Panaeolussubbalteatusfarm" alt="Panaeolussubbalteatusfarm" >Panaeolussubbalteatusfarm</a> a darkcolored, watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 evident &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 Lacking a veil, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 to blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly thin and &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 long and 1.25-2 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 in color; areas subjected to &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 are silky smooth and roughly at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/how_to_grow_shrooms_from_cow_manure.shtml" title="How To Grow Shrooms From Cow Manure" alt="How To Grow Shrooms From Cow Manure" >How To Grow Shrooms From Cow Manure</a> October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 particularly &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 excellent &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 German, with an English translation. Mycologists spa have been &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 Finland, &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 France, Russia, Poland, the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 detailing the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 often &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 abound" &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 to &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 day, few 189. &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 cap &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 than they are wide, margins are &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 later on, &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 darkcolored, watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 stripes or banding evident when &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 turning shiny when dry. Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 up to 3.5 mm &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 stem &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 Color of spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 areas subjected to &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 silky smooth and &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture.<br> When dry, the flesh of the cap &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, frequently &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 can be found in pastures &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 have been reported &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain.<br> Unfortunately, there are &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 species's distribution pattern. &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 their habitats &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 pertinent in reference to the &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 discovery &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 languished &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 obscurity.<br> To this day, few 189. Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 is &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 greenish-yellow &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 veil, caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 easily &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 for a long time, turning &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown in color, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 mm wide; attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully detached later on. Spores are &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 dust is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly thin and always &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 and 1.25-2 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 to October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) is shown here &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 German, with an English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112 <p align="justify"> several members of a &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 together: it is not uncommon for a &#102&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 and aunts to all participate in these transformations of &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 consciousness onto &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#110 they sit together &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 dream and &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 each &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 communality. In a &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 present &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 session is a therapeutic catharsis.<br> The chemicals of transformation &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and to heal, &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 the truth.<br> Among the Mazatecs, &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 another during their lives, have eaten &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; &#98&#117&#116 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#114 who &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 such journeys into &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#100&#101&#112&#116&#104&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 frequently: those who do are the &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 vocation it is to eat the mushrooms &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 men of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 of language, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 They are individuals recognized by their &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 in such psychological adventures, and &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 to be with them, as a guide, one &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#115 considered to &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 these modalities of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 man presides over the session, &#102&#111&#114 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#115 enjoined to keep silent and listen &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 for each &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 "They pay a sorcerer who &#101&#97&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#91&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 and tells &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 him. He does so by means of a &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#102&#117&#108&#108 voice."several members &#111&#102 &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 the mushrooms together: &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 for &#97 &#102&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 uncles, &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#108 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 in &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 and creation. Then they &#115&#105&#116 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 inner &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 and converse with each other, presences seated there <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/michaelmushroomczechoslovakian.shtml" title="Michaelmushroomczechoslovakian" alt="Michaelmushroomczechoslovakian" >Michaelmushroomczechoslovakian</a> together, their bodies &#105&#109&#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 voices from without their communality.<br> In a general sense, for &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 the session is a &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 of transformation of revelation that &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 light, vision, and communication, called &#98&#121 &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and to &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an &#97&#105&#108&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 a problem; but it is not &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#115 &#97 predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 such journeys into the strange, &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#100&#101&#112&#116&#104&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 the men &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 wisdom.<br> They are individuals recognized by their people to &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 psychological adventures, and &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms they &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 with them, &#97&#115 &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 of those who is considered to be &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 modalities of the &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 presides &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#106&#117&#115&#116 as the Mazatec &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 than being allowed to speak or encouraged to &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#115 enjoined to keep silent and listen &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 for each of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 As one of &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 of the New World said: "They pay &#97 &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 them the mushrooms] &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 they have taught &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#115&#111 by means of a rhythmic &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#102&#117&#108&#108 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#46&#34&#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 members &#111&#102 &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 not uncommon for a father, &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind that &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 higher &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is thus &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 are eaten &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 Then they sit together &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 dream &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 their communality.<br> In a general sense, for everyone &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 Indians as medicines: the means &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 know and to heal, to see and &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 the &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#114 who would want to &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 the strange, unknown depths of &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 those who do &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 masters, whose vocation it is to eat &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are the men &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 of language, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 They are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 others eat &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 spirit. The medicine &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 session, for &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#107&#101&#101&#112 &#115&#105&#108&#101&#110&#116 and listen while the shaman &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#102 those who &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#91&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 what &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 He does so by means of a rhythmic &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#102&#117&#108&#108 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#46&#34&#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 members of a &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 is not uncommon &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#102&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 elevate &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 plan. The &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#101 basis of the &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 said is intersubjectivity.<br> The mushrooms themselves &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation.<br> &#84&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#105&#116 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 in their &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109 &#97&#110&#100 realize and converse with &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 there &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#109&#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100 by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 is &#97 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 chemicals of transformation of &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 circuits of light, vision, and communication, &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 known to the American Indians as medicines: the &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 to know and to &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 to &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 the Mazatecs, many, one &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 but it is not &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#115 &#97 predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 unknown depths of the brain &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/libertycapinromania.shtml" title="Libertycapinromania" alt="Libertycapinromania" >Libertycapinromania</a> it is to eat the mushrooms &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 men of the spirit, the men of language, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 They are individuals recognized by &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 expert in such psychological adventures, and &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 the mushrooms they always call &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 as a guide, one of those who &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 particularly &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 is &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101 liberating experience unfolds &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116 &#111&#102 a situation in &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 allowed to speak &#111&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 themselves, everyone is enjoined to &#107&#101&#101&#112 &#115&#105&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 while the shaman speaks for each &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 present. &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 early &#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms and tells them what they &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice.<br>" </p> <p align="justify"> as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#114&#112&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#104&#105&#115 research protocols: J.<br>H.<br> &#40&#97 &#50&#52&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 four cooked mushrooms at &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108 (!), and then ate another three fresh &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#51&#48 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 was followed by &#114&#101&#103&#117&#114&#103&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#52&#53&#13&#10&#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#104&#101 started &#116&#111 &#115&#119&#101&#97&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#102&#117&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#108 over his &#104&#101&#97&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#46 &#72&#105&#115 pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, &#98&#117&#116 &#115&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on. He laid down and experienced &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#109 to panic and to run a &#100&#105&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#49&#44&#50&#48&#48 ft. <b>liberty cap pattern</b> to consult the nearest doctor. &#84&#104&#101 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 dilated pupils, and proceeded to have the patient's stomach &#112&#117&#109&#112&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 laxatives.<br> Three &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#110&#111&#114&#109&#97&#108 state had largely subsided; <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magic_mushroom_brisbane.shtml" title="Magic Brisbane Magic" alt="Magic Brisbane Magic" >Magic Brisbane Magic</a> by &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#101&#120&#116 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 was no evidence of any &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#105&#100&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#46&#75&#46 &#40&#97 22-year-old male) ate just one fresh mushroom, which had &#110&#111 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#97&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#75 .Y. (a 31-year-old &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#82&#101&#103&#117&#114&#103&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#59 &#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This paralysis persisted for another &#116&#104&#114&#101&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 time, the subject had great difficulties handling &#97 &#112&#101&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#119&#114&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44&#13&#10&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#111&#111&#100 was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such as &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#102&#117&#108 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#111&#111&#100&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#100&#111&#119&#110 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the sky. By &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#111&#102 these effects had dissipated. The fresh fruiting bodies &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#105&#116&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#97 &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101 that disappeared after the mushrooms had &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 above experiments are rather amateurish, and &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 are heavily influenced &#98&#121 &#97 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a &#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101&#44&#13&#10&#110&#97&#114&#114&#111&#119 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#107&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 similar to &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 found &#111&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#117&#99&#104 &#119&#111&#114&#107 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 to be done &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#104&#121&#116&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121 and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110 &#99&#97&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#116&#111 become adequate. The geographic distribution and &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 species must also be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND &#84&#72&#69 &#79&#76&#68&#69&#83&#84 &#75&#78&#79&#87&#78&#13&#10&#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77 &#67&#85&#76&#84 IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 studied only peripherally and remains &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#108&#121 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini &#97&#110&#100 &#84&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#77&#99&#75&#101&#110&#110&#97&#44 &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 found evidence for the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#79&#110 &#116&#104&#101 other hand, &#105&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100&#110&#39&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#115 a surprise that &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 contact with mushrooms were found on the very &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#97&#100&#108&#101 of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to </p> There are more than &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 mushrooms to pick in queensland &#111&#102 <b>Poisonous and Psychotropic mushrooms</b> <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/PluteussalicinusassociatedwithPicea.shtml" title="Pluteussalicinusassociatedwithpicea" alt="Pluteussalicinusassociatedwithpicea" >Pluteussalicinusassociatedwithpicea</a> "magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 <i>Inocybe Inocybe</i> &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New <p align="left"> &#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 man in the Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#8212&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 Australia—has made less use of native &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#104&#114&#117&#98&#115 &#102&#111&#114 their hallucinogenic properties &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 the &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 little reason to &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#101&#103&#101&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 one half of the &#103&#108&#111&#98&#101 &#105&#115 &#112&#111&#111&#114&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#114&#105&#99&#104&#101&#114 in species &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101 other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 <b>print spore print</b> &#110&#111&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/where_to_find_cyanescens_in_seattle.shtml" title="Seattle To To Cyanescens Where Seattle" alt="Seattle To To Cyanescens Where Seattle" >Seattle To To Cyanescens Where Seattle</a> too toxic in other ways to be <i>p. azurescens spore syringe</i> utilized? Or &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Old World been &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 has fewer known species employed &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#110 <H3>paralysis psilocybin azurescens psilocybin</H3> &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 New &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#110&#108&#121 15 or 20 species used in the &#69&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#72&#101&#109&#105&#115&#112&#104&#101&#114&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 used hallucinogenically in the &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#72&#101&#109&#105&#115&#112&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#109&#111&#114&#101 than 100! Yet <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/where_to_find_cyanescens_in_seattle.shtml" title="Seattle To To Cyanescens Where Seattle" alt="Seattle To To Cyanescens Where Seattle" >Seattle To To Cyanescens Where Seattle</a> some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#99&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 world. Cannabis, undoubtedly &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#111&#102 all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of <H2>print spore print</H2> medieval witches' &#98&#114&#101&#119&#115&#8212&#104&#101&#110&#98&#97&#110&#101&#44 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115&#104&#97&#100&#101&#44 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#97&#100&#111&#110&#110&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 an &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#118&#105&#116&#97&#108 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#114&#111&#108&#101 in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 cultural and social development of many areas of &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#105&#115 only &#110&#111&#119 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#65&#116 every &#116&#117&#114&#110&#44 &#105&#116&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#101 </p></p> <h2>lawn psilocybin-containing magic mushrooms @ 3/12/2010 9:37:37 PM</h2> <p></p> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <h2>Articles</h2> <p><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/wherecanIgomagicmushroompickinginBrisbane.shtml" title="Wherecanigomagicmushroompickinginbrisbane" alt="Wherecanigomagicmushroompickinginbrisbane" >Wherecanigomagicmushroompickinginbrisbane</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybebohemicaspore.shtml" title="Psilocybebohemicaspore" alt="Psilocybebohemicaspore" >Psilocybebohemicaspore</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Psilocybe_cyanescens_cultivation.shtml" title="Psilocybe Cyanescens Cultivation" alt="Psilocybe Cyanescens Cultivation" >Psilocybe Cyanescens Cultivation</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shroomsqueensland.shtml" title="Shroomsqueensland" alt="Shroomsqueensland" 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