psilocybe azurescens indoor - easymushrooms.com

<body> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> <from name="from1" id="from1" method="post" action=""> <input type="text" name="textfield" value="......" /> <input class=" button" type="submit" name="Submit" value="GO" /> </from> <h1>psilocybe azurescens indoor</h1> <p>Liberty Liberty Liberty</p> </div> <div id="tabs10"> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Link 1"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Contact.html" title="Link 2"><span>Forum</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Contact.html" title="Link 3"><span>Articles</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Articles.html" title="Link 4"><span>About</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Archives.html" title="Link 5"><span>Gallery</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Contact.html" title="Link 6"><span>Archives</span></a></li> <li><a href="/About.html" title="Link 7"><span>Articles</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="container2"> <div id="content"> <h2>cow brisbane brisbane</h2> <p>ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the form of distribution maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information is available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany. During my own field trips, I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in various locations, such as near my hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben as well as in other eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me about finding the mushrooms in other parts of the country. A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of Germany's forestlands. The species fruits during the fall, from late September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at those locations, even though the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring the extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can be expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. Such grassy areas inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. However, Psilocybe semilanceata does not grow in locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where the species has been found at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected at altitudes ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native <br /><br /> <img border="4" src="/images/Mushrooms-That-Grow-On-Horse-Manure-Gold-Cap-Cuben" > &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 and &#100&#105&#115&#101&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 Beliefs &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 survived to the present day. They &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44&#44&#44 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 of speech, s &#117 &#99 &#104 &#97&#115 the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone &#34&#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#110&#101&#115&#115&#45&#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#34&#13&#10&#66&#117&#116&#44 there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#70&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 for &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#87&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#101&#110&#97&#101&#97&#110 civilization began &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#116&#114&#105&#112 -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the &#102&#111&#117&#114&#116&#104 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#121 &#76&#97&#116&#105&#110 &#112&#111&#101&#116 and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#111&#100&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#72&#79 &#87&#65&#83 THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act &#111&#102 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 the gods unlocked one's power to experience the &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#110&#111&#116 all mushrooms enable &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 the realm of &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 be the spawn of the &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101 &#65&#103&#101&#115 and well into modern times.<br> The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These &#115&#97&#99&#114&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#100&#101&#100 to contact the Gods in order to &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 and the realm of the divine. &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#111&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought &#111&#102 &#97&#115 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/mellow_mushroom_pizza.shtml" title="Mellow Mushroom Pizza" alt="Mellow Mushroom Pizza" >Mellow Mushroom Pizza</a> &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 hounded by &#116&#104&#101 &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#97&#108&#108 good &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#102 time, so &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom eaters did not become &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 &#76&#105&#107&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 cult continued to &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#45&#115&#117&#114&#102&#97&#99&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#114&#97&#119 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#101&#114&#111&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#103&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#45 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101 ; &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#45 &#104&#97&#100 to &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 to the &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#102 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh of the Aztec Gods. &#84&#104&#101 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/north_american_range_of_liberty_caps.shtml" title="North American Range Of Liberty Caps" alt="North American Range Of Liberty Caps" >North American Range Of Liberty Caps</a> &#115&#111&#117&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97&#110 extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 and testing of these &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#117&#112&#111&#110 which this book &#105&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#101&#115&#115 than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#97&#109 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#102&#97&#114 &#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 scientific &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 &#101&#118&#101&#114 expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb<br /> </p> <h2>the liberty cap mushroom identification</h2> <p> ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser extent, such information is available about other species as well. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical changes that occur during fruiting. In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles in North America and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a North American mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findin &#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/besttimetopickmushiesscotland.shtml" title="Besttimetopickmushiesscotland" alt="Besttimetopickmushiesscotland" >Besttimetopickmushiesscotland</a> man in the Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#8212&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 and Australia—has &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 native plants and shrubs for &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 has man in the New World.<br> &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110 to &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#101&#103&#101&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of one half of &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#108&#111&#98&#101 &#105&#115 &#112&#111&#111&#114&#101&#114 or richer &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 properties than the other half. &#87&#104&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115&#63 &#65&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 them too toxic in other ways to be <H3>Copélandia Cyanescens Horse Manure</H3> utilized? &#79&#114 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 the Old World been &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 narcotics? &#87&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#108 answer.<br> But we do know &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 has fewer known species employed &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 New World: compared with only 15 or &#50&#48 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#72&#101&#109&#105&#115&#112&#104&#101&#114&#101 number more than &#49&#48&#48&#33 &#89&#101&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#67&#97&#110&#110&#97&#98&#105&#115&#44 &#117&#110&#100&#111&#117&#98&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 the most &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#111&#102 &#97&#108&#108 &#116&#104&#101 hallucinogens, &#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#104&#97&#112&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#115&#116 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#46 The several solanaceous ingredients &#111&#102 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#115&#39 &#98&#114&#101&#119&#115&#8212&#104&#101&#110&#98&#97&#110&#101&#44 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115&#104&#97&#100&#101&#44 belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#118&#105&#116&#97&#108 religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 in the cultural and social development of many &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 World is only &#110&#111&#119 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#65&#116 every turn, its exte Most users &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 have &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#46 Some of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine.<br> It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 in Australia as "golden &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#44 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 &#111&#114 sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 this species by members of a local, drugusing group &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 have apparently &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 not known to occur in New Zealand. Those &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 &#116&#111 this &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#115 &#34&#66&#108&#117&#101 &#76&#101&#103&#115&#34&#44 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100&#101&#110 tops" or "gold caps". &#84&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#110&#105&#99&#107&#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 well as "dimple tops" and "cone &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#115 applied to Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#97&#110 Islands; and some of <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/swedenpsilocybin.shtml" title="Swedenpsilocybin" alt="Swedenpsilocybin" >Swedenpsilocybin</a> these same popular names have also been &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 from both &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 to &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102 Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe_cyanescens_in_romania.shtml" title="Psilocybe Cyanescens In Romania" alt="Psilocybe Cyanescens In Romania" >Psilocybe Cyanescens In Romania</a> <div align="right"> The first livestock to arrive in <H3>where to pick shrooms in glasgow</H3> Australia were &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/buy_spores_azurescens.shtml" title="Buy Spores Azurescens" alt="Buy Spores Azurescens" >Buy Spores Azurescens</a> &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 of Good &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110 </div> <p align="left"> xican mushroom species, so &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#110&#101&#101&#100 &#110&#111&#116 be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#105&#98&#108&#105&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#104&#101&#108&#112&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#115 and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany &#40&#99&#97&#46 &#49&#48&#50&#48&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#50&#13&#10&#82&#69&#70&#76&#69&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#79&#78 THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 to the American continent knew &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 of &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 support &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#115 home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is &#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#100 less about local plants &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#97&#110&#100 experience &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#115&#116 or destroyed at some time &#105&#110&#13&#10&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#97&#115 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 hundred years ago.<br> The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for &#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97 &#105&#110&#118&#105&#116&#101&#100 the conclusion &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#97&#115 used as a psychotropic &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/little_black_mushroom_on_cow_dung.shtml" title="BLACK MUSHROOM COW COW ON LITTLE" alt="BLACK MUSHROOM COW COW ON LITTLE" >BLACK MUSHROOM COW COW ON LITTLE</a> &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101&#13&#10&#65&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 was the only &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 Europe at that time. While the usage &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97&#110 tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 species are likely &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#97 much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced &#98&#121 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated &#98&#121 &#100&#97&#116&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 studies &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 historic accounts including those described below - &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 </p> <p align="left"> Most recreational users of <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/swedenpsilocybin.shtml" title="Swedenpsilocybin" alt="Swedenpsilocybin" >Swedenpsilocybin</a> Psilocybe cubensis (when magic mushrooms identification australia &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111&#41 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101 &#97 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magic_mushrooms_in_lancashire.shtml" title="Magic Mushrooms In Lancashire" alt="Magic Mushrooms In Lancashire" >Magic Mushrooms In Lancashire</a> &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 of </p> <br /> </p> <h2>mushrooms growing wood on mushrooms wood</h2> <p>by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of <div <H2>magic mushroom visual energy body high</H2> <u>magic mushroom visual energy body high</u> align="right"> <b>magic mushroom visual energy body high</b> &#84&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 dosage &#105&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybin_mushrooms_spore_order_england.shtml" title="Psilocybin Mushrooms Spore Order England" alt="Psilocybin Mushrooms Spore Order England" >Psilocybin Mushrooms Spore Order England</a> &#98&#121 the variation in &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 hallucinogenic mushroom species <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybestuntzii.shtml" title="Psilocybestuntzii" alt="Psilocybestuntzii" >Psilocybestuntzii</a> which &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100&#46 </div> Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte &#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 to inspire further &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 basic research efforts and &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 extensive bibliography &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#104&#101&#108&#112&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study.<br> Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#111&#116&#105&#102 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#108&#101&#100 "Trial &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#74&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#34 &#97&#116 &#72&#105&#108&#100&#101&#115&#104&#101&#105&#109 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#101&#100&#114&#97&#108&#44 Germany &#40&#99&#97&#46 &#49&#48&#50&#48&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#50&#13&#10&#82&#69&#70&#76&#69&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#79&#78 THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#110&#101&#119 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97 relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#70&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#109&#111&#114&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 recently &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 psilocybin &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#13&#10&#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 to those found in other countries. It &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 European cultures learned less about local &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 and experience &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#115&#116 or &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 probably as early as several &#104&#117&#110&#100&#114&#101&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#97&#103&#111&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for &#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97 &#105&#110&#118&#105&#116&#101&#100 the conclusion that this mushroom was used as &#97&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101&#13&#10&#65&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 widespread knowledge of the effects &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#110 human consciousness. However, I believe &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 mushrooms were causally &#108&#105&#110&#107&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 because &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 muscaria among Siberian tribes has &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 European accounts of fly &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 generally include descriptions of such &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/azurescens_spore_color.shtml" title="Azurescens Spore Color" alt="Azurescens Spore Color" >Azurescens Spore Color</a> to &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 is also known to induce unconsciousness &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#115&#105&#100&#101 effects. This hypothesis &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#114&#111&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#100&#97&#116&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below &#45 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms.</p> <h2>"Mushrooms Are Common Along The Brisbane River Near Toowing High School" @ 3/16/2010 4:53:32 AM</h2> <p></p> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <h2>News</h2> <p><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/redpoisonousmushroomshungary.shtml" title="Redpoisonousmushroomshungary" alt="Redpoisonousmushroomshungary" >Redpoisonousmushroomshungary</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/brisbane_to_find_magic_mushrooms.shtml" title="Brisbane To Find Magic Mushrooms" alt="Brisbane To Find Magic Mushrooms" >Brisbane To Find Magic Mushrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/brisbane_magic_mushrooms.shtml" title="Brisbane Magic Mushrooms" alt="Brisbane Magic Mushrooms" >Brisbane Magic Mushrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Psilocybeaustralianaeffect.shtml" title="Psilocybeaustralianaeffect" alt="Psilocybeaustralianaeffect" >Psilocybeaustralianaeffect</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/pazurescensexperiences.shtml" title="Pazurescensexperiences" alt="Pazurescensexperiences" >Pazurescensexperiences</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe_semilanceata_staininh.shtml" title="Psilocybe Semilanceata Staininh" alt="Psilocybe Semilanceata Staininh" >Psilocybe Semilanceata Staininh</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/liberty_caps_mushrooms.shtml" title="Liberty Caps Mushrooms" alt="Liberty Caps Mushrooms" >Liberty Caps Mushrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe_cubensis_and_horse_manure.shtml" title="Cubensis And Cubensis Psilocybe Cubensis" alt="Cubensis And Cubensis Psilocybe Cubensis" >Cubensis And Cubensis Psilocybe Cubensis</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/wheretofindcyanescensinseattle.shtml" title="Wheretofindcyanescensinseattle" alt="Wheretofindcyanescensinseattle" >Wheretofindcyanescensinseattle</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybecyanescensspores.shtml" title="Psilocybecyanescensspores" alt="Psilocybecyanescensspores" >Psilocybecyanescensspores</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/cyanescenscardboard.shtml" title="Cyanescenscardboard" alt="Cyanescenscardboard" >Cyanescenscardboard</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybeserbicaMoser.shtml" title="Psilocybeserbicamoser" alt="Psilocybeserbicamoser" >Psilocybeserbicamoser</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shrooms_queensland.shtml" title="Shrooms Queensland" alt="Shrooms Queensland" >Shrooms Queensland</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/gold_cap_shrooms/liberty_caps.shtml" title="Gold Cap Shrooms Liberty Caps" alt="Gold Cap Shrooms Liberty Caps" >Gold Cap Shrooms Liberty Caps</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/discovery_of_psilocybin.shtml" title="Discovery Of Psilocybin" alt="Discovery Of Psilocybin" >Discovery Of Psilocybin</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magicmushroomsgoldcaps.shtml" title="Magicmushroomsgoldcaps" alt="Magicmushroomsgoldcaps" >Magicmushroomsgoldcaps</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/champignonssporesPsilocybe.shtml" title="Champignonssporespsilocybe" alt="Champignonssporespsilocybe" >Champignonssporespsilocybe</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/do_cyanescens_ever_growunder_cedar.shtml" title="Do Cyanescens Ever Growunder Cedar" alt="Do Cyanescens Ever Growunder Cedar" >Do Cyanescens Ever Growunder Cedar</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/liberty_caps_london/effects_of_shrooms.shtml" title="Liberty Caps London Effects Of Shrooms" alt="Liberty Caps London Effects Of Shrooms" >Liberty Caps London Effects Of Shrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Psilocybe_Cubensis_Thai_Mushrooms_buy_romania.shtml" title="Psilocybe Cubensis Thai Mushrooms Buy Romania" alt="Psilocybe Cubensis Thai Mushrooms Buy Romania" >Psilocybe Cubensis Thai Mushrooms Buy Romania</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/azurescensVScyanescens.shtml" title="Azurescensvscyanescens" alt="Azurescensvscyanescens" >Azurescensvscyanescens</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/whatsthemostvisualpsyclobinmushroomstrain.shtml" title="Whatsthemostvisualpsyclobinmushroomstrain" alt="Whatsthemostvisualpsyclobinmushroomstrain" >Whatsthemostvisualpsyclobinmushroomstrain</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/whitegilledmushroom.shtml" title="Whitegilledmushroom" alt="Whitegilledmushroom" >Whitegilledmushroom</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/cow_manure_brisbane.shtml" title="Brisbane Manure Brisbane" alt="Brisbane Manure Brisbane" >Brisbane Manure Brisbane</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/home_grown_psychotropic_mushrooms.shtml" title="Home Grown Psychotropic Mushrooms" alt="Home Grown Psychotropic Mushrooms" >Home Grown Psychotropic Mushrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psychedelic_mushrooms_finland.shtml" title="Mushrooms Psychedelic Finland" alt="Mushrooms Psychedelic Finland" >Mushrooms Psychedelic Finland</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/wheretopickmagicmushroomsinnsw.shtml" title="Wheretopickmagicmushroomsinnsw" alt="Wheretopickmagicmushroomsinnsw" >Wheretopickmagicmushroomsinnsw</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/best_P_azurescens_spores.shtml" title="Spores Chat Spores Chat Spores Chat P" alt="Spores Chat Spores Chat Spores Chat P" >Spores Chat Spores Chat Spores Chat P</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/pan_cyanescens_serotonin.shtml" title="Pan Cyanescens Serotonin" alt="Pan Cyanescens Serotonin" >Pan Cyanescens Serotonin</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/themushroomeaters.shtml" title="Themushroomeaters" alt="Themushroomeaters" >Themushroomeaters</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybincollegestation.shtml" title="Psilocybincollegestation" alt="Psilocybincollegestation" >Psilocybincollegestation</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/keepingcyanescenmyceliumaliveoncardboard.shtml" title="Keepingcyanescenmyceliumaliveoncardboard" alt="Keepingcyanescenmyceliumaliveoncardboard" >Keepingcyanescenmyceliumaliveoncardboard</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magic_mushies_victoria.shtml" title="Magic Mushies Victoria" alt="Magic Mushies Victoria" >Magic Mushies Victoria</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/growing_psilocybe_cubensis_indoors_using_news_paper.shtml" title="Growing Indoors Using Indoors Psilocybe Cubensis Paper" alt="Growing Indoors Using Indoors Psilocybe Cubensis Paper" >Growing Indoors Using Indoors Psilocybe Cubensis Paper</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shroomsthatgrowinhorsedroppings.shtml" title="Shroomsthatgrowinhorsedroppings" alt="Shroomsthatgrowinhorsedroppings" >Shroomsthatgrowinhorsedroppings</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybecyanescensgrowinginstructions.shtml" title="Psilocybecyanescensgrowinginstructions" alt="Psilocybecyanescensgrowinginstructions" >Psilocybecyanescensgrowinginstructions</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shroom_picking_in_brisbane.shtml" title="Shroom Picking In Brisbane" alt="Shroom Picking In Brisbane" >Shroom Picking In Brisbane</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybeazurescensinspain.shtml" title="Psilocybeazurescensinspain" alt="Psilocybeazurescensinspain" >Psilocybeazurescensinspain</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/australian_magic_mushrooms_in_brisbane_mulch.shtml" title="Australian Magic Mushrooms In Brisbane Mulch" alt="Australian Magic Mushrooms In Brisbane Mulch" >Australian Magic Mushrooms In Brisbane Mulch</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shrooms_in_north_america_pics/cubensis_australia_police.shtml" title="Shrooms In North America Pics Cubensis Australia Police" alt="Shrooms In North America Pics Cubensis Australia Police" >Shrooms In North America Pics Cubensis Australia Police</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/sitemap.aspx">Sitemap</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/sitemap.xml">Sitemap XML</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/rss/">RSS</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/mobile.aspx">Mobile version</a></li></p> <h2>Options</h2> <p></p> </div> <div id="footer"> <p> <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">Valid XHTML 1.0</a> - Copyright © <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybinliterature.shtml" title="Psilocybinliterature" alt="Psilocybinliterature" >Psilocybinliterature</a> - Design by <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/pluteus_salicinus/" title="Pluteus Salicinus" alt="Pluteus Salicinus" >Pluteus Salicinus</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body>