hallucinogenic mushrooms from Victoria Astralia - easymushrooms.com

<body> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> <from name="from1" id="from1" method="post" action=""> <input type="text" name="textfield" value="......" /> <input class=" button" type="submit" name="Submit" value="GO" /> </from> <h1>hallucinogenic mushrooms from Victoria Astralia</h1> <p>Where To Pick Magic Mushrooms In Nsw</p> </div> <div id="tabs10"> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Link 1"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Gallery.html" title="Link 2"><span>Articles</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Contact.html" title="Link 3"><span>Archives</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Gallery.html" title="Link 4"><span>Articles</span></a></li> <li><a href="/About.html" title="Link 5"><span>Gallery</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Contact.html" title="Link 6"><span>About</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Archives.html" title="Link 7"><span>Articles</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="container2"> <div id="content"> <h2>MCKENNA MCKENNA CUBENSIS</h2> <p>xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of ure of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#119&#105&#116&#104 &#115&#99&#108&#101&#114&#111&#116&#105&#97 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 48 &#45 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose &#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#46 The kind of viruses known to appear &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#104&#97&#109&#112&#105&#103&#110&#111&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#45 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 they have already caused a lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#110&#100 Panaeolus species. It &#105&#115 &#115&#97&#102&#101 &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 that we currently &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#97&#108 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 the nutritional requirements &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#111 &#97 lesser extent, &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/spreadingwoodchipsforpsilocybes.shtml" title="Spreadingwoodchipsforpsilocybes" alt="Spreadingwoodchipsforpsilocybes" >Spreadingwoodchipsforpsilocybes</a> &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 as well. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers &#109&#97&#121 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#110&#101&#119 insights into physiology of these species, as well &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 occur &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#109&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 it has already been established that the &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#98&#121 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 are &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#115&#99&#108&#101&#114&#111&#116&#105&#97 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 bodies is linked to increased production of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 psilocin, &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#101 &#116&#111 the relatively &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120&#13&#10&#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#121&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#101&#113&#117&#105&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#110 its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 of mycophiles in North America and Europe &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#34&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 outdoor cultivation" to &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#40&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115&#41 &#116&#104&#97&#116 usually turn blue &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#115&#112&#111&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#108&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#84&#104&#101 mycelia are then transferred &#111&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 &#111&#114 commercial mulch (not from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season.<br> Figure 50 - &#83&#117&#114&#102&#97&#99&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 on a &#108&#105&#113&#117&#105&#100 &#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#101&#110&#116 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#49 &#45 Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#111&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#100&#117&#110&#103 and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#65&#82&#79&#85&#78&#68 &#84&#72&#69 &#87&#79&#82&#76&#68&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#51 - &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH &#65&#77&#69&#82&#73&#67&#65 &#65&#78&#68 &#72&#65&#87&#65&#73&#73&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#49&#44 &#86&#46&#69&#46 Tyler &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114 &#116&#111 report the &#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#44&#13&#10&#97 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 One year later, two research &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#115&#44 &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 as well as psilocin, in samples of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#97&#101&#111&#99&#121&#115&#116&#105&#115 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 &#38 Smith from the &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 North America.<br> Additional chemical and taxonomic findin <br /><br /> <a href="/HawaiianChampignonCopelandia.shtml"><img border="1" src="/images/Erowid-Mad-Mushroom.jpg" alt=" Hawaiianchampignoncopelandia"></a> <p align="left"> &#77&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 australia gold tops photos magic mushrooms of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 New &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall &#98&#101&#108&#116 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#101&#119 South Wales &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 <b>australia gold tops photos magic mushrooms</b> &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 provide adequate climatic &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 <u>australia gold tops photos magic mushrooms</u> &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. <H2>australia gold tops photos magic mushrooms</H2> It &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#97&#109&#101 spore dispersal mechanism also probably &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#102&#111&#101&#110&#105&#115&#101&#99&#105&#105&#46 &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 cattle &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#97&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#108&#108 Australian &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 in the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#108&#111&#119&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 have been &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 psychoptic &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 in Australia from areas where they were collected.<br> In the case &#111&#102 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 referred to as &#78&#90&#44 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 primary source &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#98&#117&#116 the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata <b>australia gold tops photos magic mushrooms</b> only &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 soil of four-legged <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shrooms_that_grow_in_horse_droppings.shtml" title="That In That In Droppings Grow" alt="That In That In Droppings Grow" >That In That In Droppings Grow</a> ruminants &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988).<br> The identification section &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 reported locations for &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 species &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 Australia and NZ <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Psilocybe_Cubensis_Mckena.shtml" title="Psilocybe Cubensis Mckena" alt="Psilocybe Cubensis Mckena" >Psilocybe Cubensis Mckena</a> which most likely have been used at &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 for recreational purposes. </p> <p align="center"> , and who gorge themselves &#111&#110 &#111&#117&#114 &#116&#97&#120 &#100&#111&#108&#108&#97&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73 met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin &#87&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#114&#100 &#115&#121&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#117&#109 of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in &#70&#114&#101&#105&#98&#117&#114&#103&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#79&#117&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114 was my first contact with a &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114&#13&#10&#69&#97&#115&#116 Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic &#108&#101&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#97 &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 event, his words breaking &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115&#105&#110&#103 over into new territory.<br> The magic mushrooms spoke &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#104&#105&#109 &#45 &#119&#105&#116&#104 no &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#100&#111&#103&#109&#97 &#111&#114 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 - in the tradition of true &#97&#110&#97&#114&#99&#104&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 hallmark of mushroom magic.<br> What I heard was unbelievable.<br> Jochen &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#111&#102 &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#105&#99 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#117&#116&#119&#97&#114&#100 from &#76&#101&#105&#112&#122&#105&#103&#44 &#106&#117&#109&#112&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#108&#108 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115&#46 Finally, when the mycelia reached West German &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 magic mushroom &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#111&#117&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#63 Could a mushroom have &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 of our political conflicts? In &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 popes, had their own &#106&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111 functioned as pressure release <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shroom_picking_guide_washington.shtml" title="Shroom Picking Guide Washington" alt="Shroom Picking Guide Washington" >Shroom Picking Guide Washington</a> valves in the machinations of political power &#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#98&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 that &#97&#13&#10&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#99&#101&#108&#108&#111&#114 &#105&#115 being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician &#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#100&#106&#117&#115&#116 reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#98&#111&#111&#107 &#97&#115 a &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#114&#111&#117&#115 journey into the realm &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#100&#116&#115&#99&#104&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/praguemagicmushroompizza.shtml" title="Praguemagicmushroompizza" alt="Praguemagicmushroompizza" >Praguemagicmushroompizza</a> <b>TO BUY Copelandia Cyanescens spores</b> Engaged in &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#68&#97&#110&#99&#101&#34&#13&#10&#49&#48&#44&#48&#48&#48&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#114&#111&#99&#107 &#100&#114&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 in Tassili, Sahara &#40&#65&#108&#103&#101&#114&#105&#97&#41&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#49&#13&#10&#73 &#66&#69&#76&#73&#69&#86&#69 &#84&#72&#69 TIME &#72&#65&#83 &#67&#79&#77&#69 &#70&#79&#82 &#65 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS &#79&#70 &#77&#89&#67&#79&#76&#79&#71&#89&#44 &#84&#65&#88&#79&#78&#79&#77&#89 &#65&#78&#68 NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. &#72&#101&#105&#109 &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 their interdisciplinary research program &#116&#111 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 species of mushrooms and their usage in &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#99&#117&#108&#109&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100 in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39 active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 identified in &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#97 series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 increasing frequency.<br> As part of my &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#107 &#100&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 identification of &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#100 the &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#101 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 part &#111&#102 &#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#116&#101&#97&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 studied alkaloids found &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Now &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#104&#97&#115 come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101 </p><br /> </p> <h2>Washington Blue Veil mushroom</h2> <p> <p align="left"> In addition, many &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 aware of their mind-altering and visionary &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#98&#121 &#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 literature or the many news items appearing in the &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 late l960's and &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#108&#57&#55&#48&#39&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 often described both accidental and &#100&#101&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#39&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#101&#100 from &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 varieties of "magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#105&#110 1972, one local &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 &#97&#110 account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#104&#105&#103&#104 &#115&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108 &#105&#110 Brisbane: "...children at &#97 &#115&#117&#98&#117&#114&#98&#97&#110 &#115&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108 &#97&#114&#101 getting high &#111&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#39&#71&#111&#108&#100 Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#105&#110 &#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, &#49&#57&#55&#50&#41&#46&#34 &#73&#116 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 very obvious to anyone &#119&#104&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 news item, when it appeared in print, that those <b>taking psychedelic mushrooms on surfing</b> searching &#102&#111&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 able &#116&#111 &#102&#105&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#105&#102 they so desired. There is &#121&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#116 may have played a significant role in promoting &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 of psychoactive mushrooms &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 Some <u>psychotropic identifying identifying</u> drug &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#108&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 may have read or heard of R. &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#39&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 of <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Common_name_for_conocybe_cyanopus.shtml" title="Common Name For Conocybe Cyanopus" alt="Common Name For Conocybe Cyanopus" >Common Name For Conocybe Cyanopus</a> his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico.<br> Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use &#111&#102 &#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 divinatory substances among &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, &#49&#57&#53&#55&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 of &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#39&#115 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 in &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#101&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Life Magazine in the &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#108&#57&#53&#48&#39&#115&#44 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#97&#110&#121 drug users and others with the &#105&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#117&#116&#44 find, and eventually experiment with these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 </p> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). <p align="right"> &#13&#10&#77&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116 to distinguish from Psilocybe semilanceata. Unlike the latter species, however, &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97&#13&#10&#119&#105&#108&#108 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#105&#110 forests on wood chips and sawdust.<br> Beug and Bigwood were able to furnish analytical proof in support of the &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 &#105&#115 weaker in its &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Psilocybe pelliculosa contains about 30-50% of the &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 Psilocybe cyanescens (slang names: Blue wavy, Cyan, &#71&#114&#97&#110&#100&#111&#116&#101&#41&#44 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 the Pacific Northwest.<br> &#73&#116 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#114&#107&#115&#44 forming partial fairy rings. This species did not become popular among users until the &#109&#105&#100&#45&#49&#57&#55&#48&#115&#46 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 most abundantly in the fall. A New &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#84&#114&#105&#112&#115 as a Popular &#83&#112&#111&#114&#116&#13&#10&#83&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 have been &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 Northwest, even though the &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#115&#116 of these species remains inadequate, despite the fact that monographs such as those by &#80&#46 &#83&#116&#97&#109&#101&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#102&#101&#114 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 descriptions &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97&#46 &#73&#110 the mid-1970s, &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#79&#116&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#97 rather spectacular &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#111&#102 &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 mushroom species. During the fall of 1972, large numbers of a strongly bluing gilled mushroom &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116 &#114&#105&#110&#103 pattern were found &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#87&#97&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103&#116&#111&#110 &#105&#110 Seattle. The fruiting bodies were found growing on bark mulch, which came from a central distribution point and which had &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 the campus by &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 bluing <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Psilocybin_in_southeast_north_america.shtml" title="Psilocybin In Southeast North America" alt="Psilocybin In Southeast North America" >Psilocybin In Southeast North America</a> &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100 that the mushroom &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#97 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 that was confirmed later on. The sudden &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#97&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 fruiting bodies quickly inspired students at the university to use &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 my opinion, it is still uncertain &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#111&#110&#116&#97&#110&#101&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121&#44 or whether it fruited on bark debris simply because the substance &#104&#97&#100 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#109&#105&#120&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 spawn derived from fruiting bodies that originated elsewhere. In &#97&#110&#121 &#99&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#55&#54&#44 the mushrooms were named Psilocybe stuntzii Guzman & Ott (slang name: "blue &#118&#101&#105&#108&#34 &#111&#114 &#34&#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#101&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#40&#115&#101&#101 Figures 54 and 71). Today, the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 growing on bark and on lawns in parks, &#111&#110 &#103&#111&#108&#102 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#102&#111&#111&#116&#98&#97&#108&#108 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 and gardens in numbers so large that it &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#99&#111&#110&#100 most important species in terms of usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata. In addition, &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#105&#115 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 important mushroom species (slang name: "red cap"), even though its users believe it to be slightly more poisonous than the Psilocybe species. Still, the mushroom is &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#105&#116 begins to fruit during the spring. The Psilocybe species, &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 do not appear until fall &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#103&#114&#111&#119 into early winter, when temperatures consistently &#100&#114&#111&#112 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#110&#104&#105&#98&#105&#116&#115 further &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101 </p> The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in <p align="right"> &#13&#10&#73&#78&#84&#82&#79&#68&#85&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#13&#10&#77&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#40&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#41 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101&#115 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/buyCopelandiaCyanescensHawaiianeurope.shtml" title="Buycopelandiacyanescenshawaiianeurope" alt="Buycopelandiacyanescenshawaiianeurope" >Buycopelandiacyanescenshawaiianeurope</a> &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#115&#111&#97&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 for more &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#51&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#46 &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 the recreational use of &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#98&#121 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110&#101&#114&#115 is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, &#67&#97&#114&#105&#98&#98&#101&#97&#110&#44 &#71&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#66&#114&#105&#116&#97&#105&#110&#44 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 India, &#66&#97&#108&#105&#44 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#97&#59 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110&#44 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101 of hallucinogenic mushrooms has magic magic in in hawaii been &#115&#116&#105&#109&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#97 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 in &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#97&#122&#105&#110&#101&#115&#44 &#119&#111&#114&#100&#45&#111&#102&#45&#109&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#46 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110&#13&#10&#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy &#83&#97&#110&#102&#111&#114&#100&#44 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilcybequeensland.shtml" title="Psilcybequeensland" alt="Psilcybequeensland" >Psilcybequeensland</a> &#104&#101&#97&#108&#116&#104 &#103&#117&#114&#117 &#65&#110&#100&#114&#101&#119 Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand.<br> Information in this guide has been gathered &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#105&#110 Australia by &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114 &#97&#110&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 reports in the &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 popular &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned &#49&#57&#55&#48&#59 &#79&#39&#78&#101&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#54&#41&#46 </p> <div align="justify"> CATTLE AS &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 these mushrooms arrive in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 some species may be &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 already &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 such as the above described &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 after the &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 the subcontinent.<br>The first livestock &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 were brought &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 Good Hope &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 and the west coast of America. It was during this period &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 mushrooms mentioned &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 growing &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 and confined to such &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 of Australia, all belong &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 is believed to have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle which may have actually spread &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 P. cubensis as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111&#93 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 did these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New Zealand?" Well &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 endemic,that is, they were already &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 such &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 livestock to arrive in Australia &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape of &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 included 2 bulls and &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other domesticated farm &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 owned approximately 1800 cattle, &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973).<br> &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 to &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 some] farmers &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 have] &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 basidiomes &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 liven it up &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111&#93 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 DUNG FUNGI One &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 "how did these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 subcontinent.The first &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 domesticated farm <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe.shtml" title="Psilocybe" alt="Psilocybe" >Psilocybe</a> animals.<br> &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 approximately 1800 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 this period thatsome of the &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 this &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 or horse-dung and &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle which &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 and there &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 etc." Some mycologists who &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 in Australia and &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early times may have added one or two basidiomes gilled &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 liven it up &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 & &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may ask &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were already &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as the above &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likelyappeared after &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 in1788, and included 2 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 along with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 Byl803, &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 and &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 must in &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 belong to &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores.<br> According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 etc." &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the "magicmushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that the "use <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe.shtml" title="Psilocybe" alt="Psilocybe" >Psilocybe</a> of &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 recreational drugtends to confirm the belief &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early times may have added &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 gilled mushrooms to a mealto liven it up and still do Margot & Watling, 1981).<br>" </div> <br /> </p> <h2>liberty cap liberty</h2> <p> went in waves. Increasingly, all colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green. The hallucinations were fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and a wall opened up into an abyss. There was a succession of human figure with animal heads. The next day, everything was back to normal. The oldest child (age 14) also saw her parents' hair color turn green, had dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear on the wall. The youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens might contain psilocybin, because of the intense blue staining they had observed. It wasn't until after the intoxications in Menton had been publicized, that a research team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the mushrooms. Considering the powerful effects, however, this concentration appears to be too low to cause such impressive reactions. Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported the level of psilocybin in dried samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin. The level of psilocin, however, may have been falsely elevated by the presence of serotonin and its derivates in the mushroom sample that was being tested. According to Stijve, a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin than psilocybin. Still, I was able to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in mycelia cultivated on malt agar, with no other indole compounds present. Discussion of the Panaeolus species would remain incomplete without pointing out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen in Hawaii after eating 20 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music playing softly in the dark, euphoria began to come on in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that I tried to close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my eyes, my eyelids felt as if they were being sprayed from the outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my eyes again. Colors were dancing like laser beams to the rhythm of the music. The stars in the sky assembled in clusters that reached all the way into my soul. I was a little scared at the idea that the ocean water might rush up all the way into our hut. Other than that, feelings of euphoria were overwhelming. At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter. That night, I slept like "a prince ". The following morning I gathered up my belongings and had to walk back across the pasture where I had collected the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New Zealand. Four of these species are dung (manure) inhabiting mushrooms. They include Psilocybe cubensis and/or Psilocybe subcubensis (known locally as "gold caps" and/or "gold tops"), Psilocybe subaeruginosa, and Copelandia cyanescens (the latter is known locally as "blue meanies"). These four species contain the mind altering alkaloids psilocybine and psilocine and are the most common hallucinogenic mushrooms in Australia. In New Zealand, the most commonly used species are Copelandia cyanescens and Psilocybe semilanceata, the latter species is recognized throughout the world as the "liberty cap"). This species only occurs in manured soil and does not grow directly from the dung of cattle, sheep or other four legged farm animals. Psilocybe cubensis the most popular of these species, is well known throughout much of the world; however, this species is not known to occur in New Zealand. Other species described in this guide are known to occur in manured soil, in pastures, meadows, grazing lands, some lawns and in the bark mulch and woodchips of deciduous woods. was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of euphoria.When looking out the window into the dark night of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of eternity. At the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 g of dried Psilocybe semilanceata. The onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a heavy flow of tears, so that there was an initial phase of anxiety. Only in a later phase of the experience was it possible to perceive ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature of these visions. The regular pattern of. involuntary intoxications is a good indicator for the large scope of expansion of Inocybe aeruginascens into new habitats during the 1980s. For example, at the time of the initial intoxications - when the species was still restricted to a few easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to the location known in 1982, and from there moved on to several other locations in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34). Symbiosis With Trees Starting in late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the species could be found in abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region of Germany. They tend to grow near the roots of different deciduous trees (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin areas of tree-lined sidewalks (where they may even grow on bare, sandy soil) as well as amongst the greenery of residential areas in the suburbs and communities in and around Berlin. Herein lies the most marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens and other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in areas of human development. Their prime locations are in the middle of villages and towns, where they grow locally much like other Inocybe species. They may temporarily produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the edible varieties of the fairy ring mushroom. So far, the most abundant crop of fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very wet weather conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to thrive. The following years were comparatively dry and the species hardly fruited at all. It wasn't until 1990 that a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam. Despite 1989 having been a bad year for mushrooms, it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found for the first time at four locations in and around Rostock, a city located on the Eastern German coast, which is famous for its wet climate. Finding the mushrooms at these locations is evidence for a mu More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains called the Sierra Mazateca in the northeastern corner of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay are all natives of the town of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language they speak has been called Mazatec and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village of Mazatlan in the same mountains.</p> <h2>growing psilocybe cubensis indoors using news paper @ 3/12/2010 9:35:44 PM</h2> <p></p> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <h2>News</h2> <p><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/cubensisgrowpaper.shtml" title="Cubensisgrowpaper" alt="Cubensisgrowpaper" >Cubensisgrowpaper</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/drying_Psilocybe_subaeruginosa.shtml" title="Drying Psilocybe Subaeruginosa" alt="Drying Psilocybe Subaeruginosa" >Drying Psilocybe Subaeruginosa</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe_bohemica_indoor_cultivation.shtml" title="Psilocybe Bohemica Indoor Cultivation" alt="Psilocybe Bohemica Indoor Cultivation" >Psilocybe Bohemica Indoor 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