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<body> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> <from name="from1" id="from1" method="post" action=""> <input type="text" name="textfield" value="......" /> <input class=" button" type="submit" name="Submit" value="GO" /> </from> <h1> psychedelic shrooms found in west Texas</h1> <p> taghi tajgardoun 2010</p> </div> <div id="tabs10"> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Link 1"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ buy magic mushroom online.html" title="Link 2"><span> trippy shrooms</span></a></li> <li><a href="/tajgardoun taghi 2010.html" title="Link 3"><span>Articles</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ drug.html" title="Link 4"><span> much shrooms</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ Gold Top Mushroom Identification.html" title="Link 5"><span> finding mushrooms in mulch psychedelic</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ smoking shrooms.html" title="Link 6"><span> Gymnopilus Sp Gymnopilus</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ Gymnopilus Identification Sp..html" title="Link 7"><span> IDENTIFYING IDENTIFYING</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="container2"> <div id="content"> <h2> taghi tajgardoun 2010</h2> <p> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio <br /><br /> <a href="/PanaeolusCopelandiaCyanescenssporesyringe.htm"><img border="0" src="/images/Potent-Psilocybe-Pics-Psilocybe-Semilanceata-Liber" alt=" Panaeoluscopelandiacyanescenssporesyringe"></a> own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality This &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/pazurescensukbuy.htm" title="Pazurescensukbuy" alt="Pazurescensukbuy" >Pazurescensukbuy</a> &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 for cultivating psilocybin <br /> </p> <h2> Gymnopilus sp. identification</h2> <p> <p align="center"> &#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 these mushrooms arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 Well &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 endemic,that is, they were &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 species such as the above described &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 after &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 on the subcontinent.The first livestock to &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 brought from &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 of which were &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 the west coast of America. It was during this &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 John Burton Cleland(1934), &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 horse-dung and confined to such habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 Australia, all &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 It is believed to have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle which may have actually spread the spores.<br> According to Englishmycologist &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/sporecopelandiahawaii.htm" title="Sporecopelandiahawaii" alt="Sporecopelandiahawaii" >Sporecopelandiahawaii</a> &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 mycologists who &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia and NZ claim &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 P. &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 and still do] Margot & Watling, &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 ask the question, &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in Australia and New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 be &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 already there &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 government owned approximately 1800 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 were &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 and the west coast &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 during this period thatsome of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 in &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 first &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 Australia, all belong &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 is believed to &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 dung beetle &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 Botanic Gardens &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 must beremembered that fungi &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 and there &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 droppings etc." Some mycologists &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 "magicmushrooms" in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the "use of P. cubensis as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the belief that some] farmers in early times &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 and &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111&#93 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 Watling, 1981).<br>" CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may ask the question, &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 arrive in Australia and New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 may be endemic,that is, &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 naturally. Other species such as &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 most likelyappeared after &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 on the subcontinent.The first &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 the &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 It was during this period thatsome &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 mentioned in this field guide probably &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 SouthAfrican dung beetle which &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 fungi can change substrate preferences &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 on kangaroo &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 who have &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia and NZ claim &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 P. cubensis as a recreational &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 belief that some farmers in early times may have added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to a mealto &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 do Margot & &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia and New Zealand?" Well some &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 is, they were already there naturally. Other &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 above described dung-inhabiting &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 introduction of cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 the west coast of &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 this &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 mushrooms mentioned in this &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 appeared inAustralia &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 and &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 must in thecase &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 introduced species".<br> It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores.<br> &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 Watling of the &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Glasgow, Scotland, "it &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 can change &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that the "use of P. cubensis as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early times may have &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 basidiomes gilled mushrooms to a mealto liven it up &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 & Watling, 1981)." </p> own cause of &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#105&#115&#101&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 stomachs and insanity. Beliefs &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 survived to the &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#97&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44&#44&#44 as figures &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#101&#99&#104&#44 &#115 &#117 c h as the &#115&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#97 societal misfit &#97&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 &#34&#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 <b> The Prince Mushroom In West Texas?</b> madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#99&#121 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#70&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the &#71&#111&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#87&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/picturesofwestTexaspsychedelicmushrooms.htm" title="Picturesofwesttexaspsychedelicmushrooms" alt="Picturesofwesttexaspsychedelicmushrooms" >Picturesofwesttexaspsychedelicmushrooms</a> Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#116&#114&#105&#112 &#45&#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110 ingredient in the &#97&#109&#98&#114&#111&#115&#105&#97 &#111&#102 &#68&#105&#111&#110&#121&#115&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#80&#111&#114&#112&#104&#121&#114&#105&#117&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 fourth &#99&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#121 &#76&#97&#116&#105&#110 &#112&#111&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121 of &#69&#109&#112&#101&#114&#111&#114 &#75&#111&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#116&#105&#110&#44 &#107&#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 the gods.<br> WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#99&#116 &#111&#102 eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. &#66&#117&#116 &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 <i> TEXAS WOODS GYMNOPILUS</i> &#101&#110&#97&#98&#108&#101 human beings to &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101 consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known &#97&#115 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn <H3> Psychedelic Shrooms Found In West Texas</H3> of the Devil throughout the &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101 &#65&#103&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 well into modern &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 Aztecs &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97 number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#99&#114&#101&#100 mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 of rituals intended to contact the Gods &#105&#110 &#111&#114&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 the world and the realm of &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 thoroughly &#115&#112&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#111&#108&#105&#99&#13&#10&#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#97&#114&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#110&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 Inquisition. Still, &#97&#108&#108 &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters &#100&#105&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 &#116&#105&#109&#101 in recorded history, &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#55&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#111&#102 the fully grown mushroom &#114&#101&#45&#115&#117&#114&#102&#97&#99&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#114&#97&#119 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 attention.<br> Valentine and &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#101&#114&#111&#101&#115 of the modern &#110&#101&#111&#45&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#111&#118&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#66&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Old World: The &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#103&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 so magically &#119&#111&#110&#100&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized &#97&#115 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 <H2> TEXAS WOODS GYMNOPILUS</H2> &#116&#111 the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101 essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97&#110 extraordinary contribution to the &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#98&#121 embracing Germany's magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 and testing of these &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#117&#112&#111&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 this book is <i> texas woods Gymnopilus</i> &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. &#73&#13&#10&#97&#109 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#102&#97&#114 deeper scientific insights &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 &#101&#118&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116 from the usual ivory &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & <p align="right"> n &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#46&#83&#46&#41&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 therapeutic process; they may even &#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#108&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 for future progress. Under these conditions, &#115&#116&#101&#114&#101&#111 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99 &#97&#108&#115&#111&#13&#10&#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#110&#101&#100 the &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#73&#116 appears that these kinds &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 for the &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#97&#108 patients with LSD to ease their fears in &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 and &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 severe <i> Taghi Tajgardoun 2010</i> forms of pain. In many such cases, &#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#114&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#97&#110&#100 relief from pain and anxiety &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful &#116&#114&#101&#97&#116&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#115 &#116&#111 underscore the fact that systematic efforts &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#98&#101&#110&#101&#102&#105&#116&#115 have &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#106&#117&#115&#116&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#117&#110&#46 &#83&#111 &#102&#97&#114&#44 LSD has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 substance in terms of &#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#102&#102&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 ill patients, as well &#97&#115 &#100&#105&#112&#114&#111&#112&#121&#108&#116&#114&#121&#112&#116&#97&#109&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#40&#68&#80&#84&#41&#44 &#97 &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#116&#105&#99 drug structurally similar to &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 only when administered by &#105&#110&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#66&#101&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#97 &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103 &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Switzerland gives a detailed account of &#104&#101&#114 &#115&#101&#99&#111&#110&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#72&#101&#114 first &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psyclobinsubaeruginosagrowatsealevel.htm" title="Psyclobinsubaeruginosagrowatsealevel" alt="Psyclobinsubaeruginosagrowatsealevel" >Psyclobinsubaeruginosagrowatsealevel</a> &#104&#97&#100 already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. &#70&#111&#114 &#104&#101&#114 &#115&#101&#99&#111&#110&#100 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#101 used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#97 group ritual Taghi Tajgardoun 2010 and achieved &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#102&#101&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 her account is &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#46&#13&#10&#34&#49 &#115&#97&#116 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#110&#101&#120&#116 to another participant, seeking to connect with others in &#112&#114&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#121 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#46 &#87&#101 proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39&#115 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#111&#110 &#109&#117&#99&#104 faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried &#116&#111 &#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#115&#117&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#101&#46 I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#114&#111&#98&#101&#44 wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108&#13&#10&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#77&#121 &#103&#97&#122&#101 &#108&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#114&#105&#101&#102&#108&#121 on <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magic-mushroom-grow-kit-kaufen.htm" title="Magic Mushroom Grow Kit Kaufen" alt="Magic Mushroom Grow Kit Kaufen" >Magic Mushroom Grow Kit Kaufen</a> the wall next to the &#100&#111&#111&#114 &#97&#110&#100 &#73 &#115&#97&#119 faces and figures appear and vanish, but &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#100&#105&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#104&#111&#108&#100 my interest. It was hopeless.<br> &#73 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#109&#121 &#97&#105&#109&#108&#101&#115&#115 roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, &#73 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#109&#121&#115&#101&#108&#102&#13&#10&#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#110&#101 of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#101&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#117&#110&#97&#98&#108&#101 to do so. For a long time, I &#102&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#110&#101&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the guide; our two worlds &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#46 Suddenly I &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#101 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116 &#97&#98&#108&#101 to look &#97&#116 &#109&#101 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#116&#104&#13&#10&#98&#121 which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#105&#118&#101&#46 &#73 &#97&#115&#107&#101&#100&#13&#10&#104&#105&#109 &#116&#111 help me on my way &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#118&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#109 &#116&#111 look into my eyes. &#73 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 &#105&#102 all life energy was draining from my bo </p> ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn <br /> </p> <h2> finding finding finding mulch in</h2> <p> several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 father, mother, &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 to &#97&#108&#108 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 relation is thus the basis of &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 Husserl said is intersubjectivity. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 eaten <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psylocibe-guide-europe.htm" title="Guide Psylocibe Psylocibe" alt="Guide Psylocibe Psylocibe" >Guide Psylocibe Psylocibe</a> in pairs, a couple representing man &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 the &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 and creation. Then they sit &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 light, dream and realize and converse with &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 there together, their bodies &#105&#109&#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 voices from without their communality. In &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 everyone present the &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97 therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 circuits of &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 by us &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 the American Indians as medicines: the &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 to &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 lives, &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 whether to cure themselves of an ailment &#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 problem; but it &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 has &#97 &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#100&#111 are &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 whose vocation &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 the mushrooms because they are the men &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of language, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 They are individuals recognized by their people &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 such psychological adventures, and when &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms they always call to &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 a guide, &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 just as the Mazatec family &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116 &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 in which, rather than &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#107&#101&#101&#112 &#115&#105&#108&#101&#110&#116 and listen while the shaman &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#102 those who are present. As one of &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 of the New World said: "They &#112&#97&#121 &#97 &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111 eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have taught &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#115&#111 by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice."several members of a family eat &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 is &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 father, mother, &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 to all participate in these &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 creation. &#84&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#105&#116 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 in &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109 and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#109&#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 blackness, voices from without &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#73&#110 &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 mind-manifesting, were known to the American &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 &#116&#104&#101 means given &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 and to heal, to see &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#101 truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 whether to cure themselves &#111&#102 &#97&#110 &#97&#105&#108&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#114 to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#115 &#97 &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 for such &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 the creative imagination or who would want &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 the masters, whose &#118&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#111 eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 as a guide, one of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 to be &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 modalities of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They &#112&#97&#121 &#97 &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111 eats them the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 what they have taught him. &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#115&#111 &#98&#121 means of &#97 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 full voice."several members &#111&#102 &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 the mushrooms &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is thus the basis of the transcendental &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 is intersubjectivity.<br> The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#110 they &#115&#105&#116 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 inner light, dream and realize and &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 presences seated there together, their &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#109&#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 blackness, voices from without their communality. In a &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 present the purpose of the session is &#97 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 chemicals of &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called &#98&#121 &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 known to the &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 the &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 to &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 to see and to &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether &#116&#111 &#99&#117&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#115 &#97 &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 journeys into the strange, unknown depths of &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 those who do are the &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 vocation it is &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 because they are the men &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 expert in such psychological adventures, &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 eat the mushrooms &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the &#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 the &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116 &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 in which, rather than being allowed to speak or &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 everyone is enjoined to keep silent and &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 for each of those who are present. &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 early Spanish &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms and tells them what they &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice.<br>"several members of a &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 together: it is not uncommon for a father, &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 to all &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 intersubjectivity.<br> The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 procreation and creation.<br> Then &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#105&#116 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 their &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109 &#97&#110&#100 realize &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 presences seated there &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#109&#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100 by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 present the &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 is &#97 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 transformation of revelation that &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 light, vision, and communication, &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 known &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 as medicines: the means given to men to know and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#111&#110&#101 time or another during their lives, &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 whether to cure themselves &#111&#102 &#97&#110 &#97&#105&#108&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#114 to resolve a problem; but &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 those &#119&#104&#111 &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 the men of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 psychological adventures, &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 eat the mushrooms they &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 these modalities of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 man presides over &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#106&#117&#115&#116 as &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 authoritarian, &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 in the authoritarian context of &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 rather than being allowed to &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#111&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 for each &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 present. As one &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 of the &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 &#34&#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#97&#121 &#97 sorcerer who &#101&#97&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 tells &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 taught him. He &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#115&#111 &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 of a rhythmic chant in full voice." ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser extent, such information is available about other species as well. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical changes that occur during fruiting. In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles in North America and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a North American mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findin <p align="left"> The Mazatec Indians, who have a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#105&#101&#114&#114&#97 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#97 in the northeastern corner of the Mexican &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#79&#97&#120&#97&#99&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 shamans in this &#101&#115&#115&#97&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#108 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115 of the town of &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#108&#97 &#100&#101 &#74&#105&#109&#101&#110&#101&#122&#46 &#80&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#108&#121 speaking &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#101&#99&#97&#110&#115&#59 &#98&#117&#116 since &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 has been called Mazatec and &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 in &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 as <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybeserbicaimages.htm" title="Psilocybeserbicaimages" alt="Psilocybeserbicaimages" >Psilocybeserbicaimages</a> Mazatecs, I have retained that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 village &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#108&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 mountains.<br> </p> <div align="justify"> Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psychedelicmushroomshomegrown253F253F.htm" title="Psychedelicmushroomshomegrown253f253f" alt="Psychedelicmushroomshomegrown253f253f" >Psychedelicmushroomshomegrown253f253f</a> traditionally &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 and <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Pazurescensgrowkit.htm" title="Pazurescensgrowkit" alt="Pazurescensgrowkit" >Pazurescensgrowkit</a> &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 </div> ed and large &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 conducted, primarily with LSD. &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114&#115 &#115&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 the receptor binding &#115&#105&#116&#101&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#105&#110 the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 we &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108&#13&#10&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#97 &#115&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#111&#114&#101&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#102&#114&#97&#109&#101&#119&#111&#114&#107 able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, &#105&#116&#115 &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115&#44 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 a function of &#97 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#101&#45&#115&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#97&#99&#104 to investigating &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#76&#83&#68 &#97&#110&#100 mescaline - &#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#97&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#105&#110 fact, too narrow to address &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 these &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#105&#115&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#115&#116&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#105&#97&#116&#114&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#110 the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 all &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#121 &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 the &#49&#57&#53&#48&#39&#115&#44&#13&#10&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#99&#121 &#111&#102 disputes &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#103&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#121&#101&#116 &#116&#111 be &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100&#46 &#83&#46 &#71&#114&#111&#102 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#116&#111&#111&#107 the tedious task of &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#122&#105&#110&#103 &#53&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#76&#83&#68&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#116&#111&#99&#111&#108&#115 in an effort to &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101 &#34&#97&#98&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#101&#34&#13&#10&#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#114&#101 reported or occur all of the time.<br> His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#116&#114&#105&#103&#103&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#97 sequence &#111&#102 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 which do &#110&#111&#116 &#102&#105&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#121&#110&#100&#114&#111&#109&#101&#13&#10&#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#101&#100 "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 view is shared &#98&#121 &#97 &#109&#97&#106&#111&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 experts with considerable experience in &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#45&#97&#115&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121&#46 &#69&#118&#101&#110 &#34&#114&#101&#97&#108&#34 somatic symptoms, such <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Semilanceataromania.htm" title="Semilanceataromania" alt="Semilanceataromania" >Semilanceataromania</a> as nausea or &#118&#111&#109&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by &#116&#114&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#102&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#80&#108&#101&#116&#104&#111&#114&#97 &#111&#102 Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#115 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 than "hallucinogens", with widely &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#101&#109&#97&#110&#116&#105&#99&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#110&#111&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#58 &#101&#110&#116&#104&#101&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#44&#13&#10&#105&#108&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#44 psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#34&#80&#104&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#34 &#40&#76&#101&#119&#105&#110&#41 &#105&#115 the oldest label ever used to describe this &#99&#108&#97&#115&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#116&#101&#114&#109 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent &#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#115&#97&#121&#115 &#109&#111&#114&#101 about semantic &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#117&#115&#101 the &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97&#110&#121 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#44 objective &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 refer &#116&#111&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#100&#114&#117&#103&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#112&#97&#103&#97&#110&#100&#97 since the 1960's has disparaged &#34&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#34 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#99&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#103&#108&#97&#109&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 too positive a label, as the &#116&#101&#114&#109 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low <H2> Gymnopilus Sp. Identification</H2> doses or &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 substances are &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#111 &#98&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#114&#117 Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/different-kinds-of-shrooms.htm" title="Different Kinds Of Shrooms" alt="Different Kinds Of Shrooms" >Different Kinds Of Shrooms</a> Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & </p> <h2> Gymnopilus sp identification @ 8/1/2010 2:15:11 AM</h2> <p></p> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <h2> Gymnopilus sp identification</h2> <p><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psychedelicmushroomscaribbean.htm" title="Psychedelicmushroomscaribbean" alt="Psychedelicmushroomscaribbean" 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