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<body> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> <from name="from1" id="from1" method="post" action=""> <input type="text" name="textfield" value="......" /> <input class=" button" type="submit" name="Submit" value="GO" /> </from> <h1>Psilocybe Stuntzii Spore</h1> <p>magic mushrooms brisbane</p> </div> <div id="tabs10"> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Link 1"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Contact.html" title="Link 2"><span>Chat</span></a></li> <li><a href="/About.html" title="Link 3"><span>Articles</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Archives.html" title="Link 4"><span>Forum</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Articles.html" title="Link 5"><span>Gallery</span></a></li> <li><a href="/About.html" title="Link 6"><span>Chat</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Contact.html" title="Link 7"><span>Forum</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="container2"> <div id="content"> <h2>identifying psychotropic mushrooms</h2> <p><p align="right"> Macroscopically, it is extremely difficult to distinguish from &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 &#85&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 species, however, Psilocybe pelliculosa will grow in forests on wood chips and sawdust.<br> Beug and Bigwood were able to furnish analytical proof in support of the claim that Psilocybe pelliculosa is weaker in its psychotropic effects than comparable species. Psilocybe pelliculosa contains about 30-50% of the &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 Psilocybe cyanescens (slang names: Blue wavy, Cyan, Grandote), a species common across the Pacific Northwest.<br> It <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shroomsfromhorsemanure.shtml" title="Shroomsfromhorsemanure" alt="Shroomsfromhorsemanure" >Shroomsfromhorsemanure</a> fruits primarily in parks, forming partial &#102&#97&#105&#114&#121 &#114&#105&#110&#103&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#100&#105&#100 not &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 the mid-1970s. species &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 in the fall.<br> A New Psychoactive Mushroom <b>Buy Panaeolus Spores</b> Mushroom Trips as a Popular Sport Several additional Psilocybe &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Pacific Northwest, even though the taxonomic classification of most of these species remains inadequate, &#100&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#99&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#111&#110&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#115 such as those by P. Stamets offer quite detailed descriptions of the psychotropic mycoflora. In the mid-1970s, Guzman and Ott reported a rather spectacular &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#111&#102 a "new" mushroom species. During &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#111&#102 &#49&#57&#55&#50&#44 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 numbers of a strongly bluing gilled mushroom with a &#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116 &#114&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 University of Washington in Seattle.<br> The fruiting bodies were found growing on bark mulch, which came from a central &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 <b>Buy Panaeolus Spores</b> &#104&#97&#100 been spread widely across the campus &#98&#121 &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#101 &#116&#111 the &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 university assumed that the mushroom contained psilocybin, a belief that was confirmed later on. The sudden appearance of massive numbers of fruiting bodies quickly inspired students at the university to use the mushrooms as a hallucinogen. In &#109&#121 &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 still uncertain if the mushroom really appeared spontaneously, or whether it fruited on bark debris simply because &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 mixed with spawn derived from fruiting bodies &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#97&#110&#121 &#99&#97&#115&#101&#44 in &#49&#57&#55&#54&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#100 Psilocybe &#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#105&#105 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#38 &#79&#116&#116 (slang name: "blue veil" &#111&#114 &#34&#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#101&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 54 and 71). Today, the species can be found growing on bark and on lawns in parks, on golf &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#102&#111&#111&#116&#98&#97&#108&#108 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 numbers so large that it is &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#99&#111&#110&#100 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 species in terms of usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata. &#73&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#105&#115 another regionally important mushroom species (slang name: "red cap"), even though its &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#105&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#98&#101 slightly more poisonous than the &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 is used quite frequently, &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#105&#116 &#98&#101&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#116&#111 fruit during the spring. The Psilocybe species, on the other hand, do not appear until fall and continue to grow into early winter, when temperatures consistently drop below freezing, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#110&#104&#105&#98&#105&#116&#115 &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 of the spe </p> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. <br /><br /> <a href="/azurescens_indoor.shtml"><img border="5" src="/images/Magic-Mushroom-Kits-Small-Casing-Shrooms-With-Cow-" alt=" Azurescens Indoor"></a> <u>semilanceata spores</u> <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shrooms_queensland.shtml" title="Shrooms Queensland" alt="Shrooms Queensland" >Shrooms Queensland</a> <b>how to grow magic mushrooms</b> <p align="center"> &#68&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe <H2>content psilocybin subbalteatus</H2> <b>psilocybin mushrooms spore order england</b> eucalypta Guzmán & </p> <p align="right"> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#105&#110 Australia, as well as members of its drug &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 aware of the &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 psychoactive mushrooms &#98&#121 &#97 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#40&#115&#41&#44 who came from either New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 States (Hawaii) and &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#50&#49 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#97&#98&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115 conducted in Southern Queensland during l969.<br>" This survey relied on interviews of 51 people &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#34&#116&#104&#101 &#96&#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#39 subculture local &#98&#101&#97&#99&#104 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#114&#116&#115&#34&#46 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/bad_year_for_mushrooms.shtml" title="Bad Year For Mushrooms" alt="Bad Year For Mushrooms" >Bad Year For Mushrooms</a> &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#44 the doctor believed that &#34&#97&#108&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these &#100&#114&#117&#103&#115 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 this group, which constitutes &#98&#117&#116 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 our (Australian) young drug taking &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46&#34 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 likely that &#119&#111&#114&#100&#45&#111&#102&#45&#109&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97 significant contribution to the increasing use of &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and NZ. </p><br /> </p> <h2>cyanescens cyanescens Panaeolus</h2> <p> went in waves. Increasingly, all colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green. The hallucinations were fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and a wall opened up into an abyss. There was a succession of human figure with animal heads. The next day, everything was back to normal. The oldest child (age 14) also saw her parents' hair color turn green, had dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear on the wall. The youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens might contain psilocybin, because of the intense blue staining they had observed. It wasn't until after the intoxications in Menton had been publicized, that a research team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the mushrooms. Considering the powerful effects, however, this concentration appears to be too low to cause such impressive reactions. Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported the level of psilocybin in dried samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin. The level of psilocin, however, may have been falsely elevated by the presence of serotonin and its derivates in the mushroom sample that was being tested. According to Stijve, a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin than psilocybin. Still, I was able to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in mycelia cultivated on malt agar, with no other indole compounds present. Discussion of the Panaeolus species would remain incomplete without pointing out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen in Hawaii after eating 20 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music playing softly in the dark, euphoria began to come on in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that I tried to close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my eyes, my eyelids felt as if they were being sprayed from the outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my eyes again. Colors were dancing like laser beams to the rhythm of the music. The stars in the sky assembled in clusters that reached all the way into my soul. I was a little scared at the idea that the ocean water might rush up all the way into our hut. Other than that, feelings of euphoria were overwhelming. At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter. That night, I slept like "a prince ". The following morning I gathered up my belongings and had to walk back across the pasture where I had collected the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o <p align="justify"> &#46 &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#101&#45&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 samples for biochemical analysis &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#116&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#45&#49&#48&#176&#67 prior to alkaloid extractions &#111&#114 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#109&#97&#116&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#73&#110 addition to &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#40&#49&#41 &#82 = H2P03 (2) R <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Magicmushroomsgoldcoast.shtml" title="Magicmushroomsgoldcoast" alt="Magicmushroomsgoldcoast" >Magicmushroomsgoldcoast</a> = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin &#40&#49&#41 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#40&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#51&#13&#10&#67&#72&#51&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#100&#106&#97&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#46&#13&#10&#76&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON &#87&#79&#79&#68 &#68&#69&#66&#82&#73&#83&#13&#10&#65&#116 &#108&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#110&#101 other Psilocybe species &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 known to exist in Europe. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#44 &#73 must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#101&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#115&#116&#115&#46 &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 there are &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 genus from the Stropharia genus.<br> The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#110 clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according &#116&#111&#13&#10&#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#44 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms that can be described as &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 with current states &#111&#102&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#105&#110 the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#109&#101&#114&#101&#108&#121 &#115&#121&#110&#111&#110&#121&#109&#115 &#102&#111&#114 Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#101&#114&#98&#97&#114&#105&#117&#109&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 microscopic data pertaining &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 are poorly delineated and oftentimes &#111&#118&#101&#114&#108&#97&#112&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/thewoodrottingbluingPsilocybespeciesinCentralEuropeanidentificationkey.shtml" title="Thewoodrottingbluingpsilocybespeciesincentraleuropeanidentificationkey" alt="Thewoodrottingbluingpsilocybespeciesincentraleuropeanidentificationkey" >Thewoodrottingbluingpsilocybespeciesincentraleuropeanidentificationkey</a> samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must &#98&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 investigation.<br> Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According &#116&#111 &#104&#105&#115 &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#44 &#45&#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in England and Holland &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#114&#98&#105&#99&#97 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#115&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#101&#119 in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#97 &#118&#97&#115&#116 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#44 with variations along climate and terrain at locations &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 disparate morphologies are to be &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 "young" species, that is, species that &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#111&#116 &#121&#101&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#109&#108&#121 established themselves and are &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 (p. 14) displays &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 where &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been found. - Hypholoma &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#82&#46 &#77&#97&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#45 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 coprinifacies (Rolland ss.<br> Herink) Pouzar - &#71&#101&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#40&#82&#46 &#77&#97&#105&#114&#101&#41 Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb </p> <p align="center"> &#77&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 &#111&#102 Australia's beef cattle &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) &#114&#97&#105&#110&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#116 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 New South Wales &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 provide adequate climatic environments &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#111&#102 psilocybian &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 accidentally by early &#115&#101&#116&#116&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 livestock." &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#101&#114&#115&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109 also probably &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 Panaeolus subbalteatus &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 known to occur <u>Psilocybe Cyanescen brisbane</u> in or around the dung of other &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#97&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 all Australian states, as well <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/PSILOCYBEPELLICULOSAdried.shtml" title="Psilocybepelliculosadried" alt="Psilocybepelliculosadried" >Psilocybepelliculosadried</a> &#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 lowlands, &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 collected. In the &#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#98&#117&#116 the &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 &#99&#97&#112&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 only grows &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108 of four-legged ruminants &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been used at one &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114 recreational purposes. </p> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of <p align="left"> &#13&#10&#77&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 extremely difficult &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 Unlike the &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 pelliculosa will grow in forests on wood chips and sawdust.<br> Beug &#97&#110&#100 &#66&#105&#103&#119&#111&#111&#100 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 to furnish analytical proof in support &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 is weaker in its psychotropic effects than comparable species. Psilocybe pelliculosa contains &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48&#45&#53&#48&#37 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 amount of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens (slang names: &#66&#108&#117&#101 &#119&#97&#118&#121&#44 &#67&#121&#97&#110&#44 &#71&#114&#97&#110&#100&#111&#116&#101&#41&#44 a species common &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116&#46 It fruits primarily in &#112&#97&#114&#107&#115&#44 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#97&#105&#114&#121 rings. This species did not become &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#116&#104&#101 mid-1970s. &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 abundantly in the fall. A New Psychoactive Mushroom Mushroom Trips as a Popular Sport Several additional Psilocybe species have been found in the Pacific Northwest, even though the &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#115&#116 of these species &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101&#44 &#100&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#101 fact that monographs &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#98&#121 P. <i>growing psilocybe cubensis indoors using news paper</i> Stamets offer quite detailed descriptions of the psychotropic mycoflora. In the &#109&#105&#100&#45&#49&#57&#55&#48&#115&#44 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#79&#116&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 a &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 the spread &#111&#102 &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species. During the fall &#111&#102 &#49&#57&#55&#50&#44 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 of &#97 &#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 with a distinct ring pattern were found at the University of Washington in Seattle.<br> The fruiting bodies &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#107&#13&#10&#109&#117&#108&#99&#104&#44 which came from a central &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#100 been &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#109&#112&#117&#115 by gardeners. Due to the bluing &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 assumed that the mushroom contained psilocybin, a belief that was confirmed later on. The sudden appearance of massive numbers of fruiting bodies quickly inspired students <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/mapofmagicmushroomsinqueensland.shtml" title="Mapofmagicmushroomsinqueensland" alt="Mapofmagicmushroomsinqueensland" >Mapofmagicmushroomsinqueensland</a> at the university &#116&#111 &#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 a hallucinogen. In my opinion, it is &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#117&#110&#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 really appeared &#115&#112&#111&#110&#116&#97&#110&#101&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121&#44 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#116 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#101&#100 on bark &#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 had previously been mixed with spawn derived &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 originated elsewhere. In &#97&#110&#121 &#99&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#55&#54&#44 the mushrooms were named Psilocybe stuntzii Guzman & &#79&#116&#116 &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#58 &#34&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#34 or "stuntzees", &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#53&#52&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#55&#49&#41&#46 Today, the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 growing on bark and on lawns in parks, &#111&#110 &#103&#111&#108&#102 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#102&#111&#111&#116&#98&#97&#108&#108 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 and gardens in &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#115&#111 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#105&#116 is considered the second most important species in terms &#111&#102 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata.<br> In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus &#105&#115 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 (slang name: "red cap"), &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#105&#116&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 believe it to be slightly &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species. Still, the mushroom &#105&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 it begins to fruit &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 species, &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#100&#111&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116 appear until fall &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#105&#110&#116&#111 early winter, when temperatures &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#100&#114&#111&#112 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 inhibits &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101 </p> <br /> </p> <h2>Psilocybe Bohemica Indoor Cultivation</h2> <p> Most recreational <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Potency_of_Panaeolus_Subbalteatus.shtml" title="Potency Of Panaeolus Subbalteatus" alt="Potency Of Panaeolus Subbalteatus" >Potency Of Panaeolus Subbalteatus</a> users of Psilocybe cubensis (when &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111&#41 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/buypazurescensspores.shtml" title="Buypazurescensspores" alt="Buypazurescensspores" >Buypazurescensspores</a> a dosage of &#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not &#112&#117&#114&#101&#108&#121 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#55&#46&#52&#41&#13&#10&#100&#111 not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#48&#44 p. 28). Almost no &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 locations where Psilocybe species &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 Germany. &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#121 &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#116&#114&#105&#112&#115&#44 I &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 in various &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#110&#101&#97&#114 &#109&#121 &#104&#111&#109&#101&#116&#111&#119&#110 &#111&#102 Mansfeld in the &#86&#111&#114&#104&#97&#114&#122&#13&#10&#77&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#115&#104&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 of Duben as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 German marshland areas.<br> In addition, friends &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 have told me about &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 other parts &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121&#46 &#65 Panaeolus subbalteatus potency book published in 1952 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#115 that includes details about specimens discovered &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 of Saxony &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#54&#44 &#112&#46 23).<br> The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 most &#111&#102 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#39&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 fruits during the fall, from late September through &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#46 &#73&#116 &#102&#97&#118&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#99&#105&#100&#105&#99 soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at those &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magicmushrooms.shtml" title="Magicmushrooms" alt="Magicmushrooms" >Magicmushrooms</a> &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 never grow &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#111&#110 &#116&#111&#112 &#111&#102 dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 older cow &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109 for extensive &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#108&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#46 &#73&#110 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 large areas yield an abundance of &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#109&#105&#114&#114&#111&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 extent of mycelial <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/identifyPsilocybecubensisgrowingnaturallypacificnorthwest.shtml" title="Identifypsilocybecubensisgrowingnaturallypacificnorthwest" alt="Identifypsilocybecubensisgrowingnaturallypacificnorthwest" >Identifypsilocybecubensisgrowingnaturallypacificnorthwest</a> saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#105&#102 the pasture was grazed at &#108&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also thrive under &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101 and sheep pastures. &#83&#117&#99&#104 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 forests are &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#97&#122&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#114 deer, who &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 fertilization.<br> However, Psilocybe semilanceata does &#110&#111&#116 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#105&#110 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107&#115 &#111&#114 &#115&#119&#97&#109&#112&#13&#10&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#97&#116 altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#116&#13&#10&#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 from 330 to 1,000 &#109 &#40&#49&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#45&#13&#10 <p align="right"> &#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#117&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 mushrooms &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of growth will receive &#109&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 chapters. The main purpose of &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101 further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive &#98&#105&#98&#108&#105&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#104&#101&#108&#112&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#54 &#45 Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY &#79&#70 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 substances compared to early cultures &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#114 Asia. Botanical &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116 the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in other countries. It is &#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 cultures learned less &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 psychoactive plants &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#114 destroyed at &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 as early as several &#104&#117&#110&#100&#114&#101&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#97&#103&#111&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) &#119&#97&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 in Siberia invited &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#115 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/hallucinogenicmushroomsfromVictoriaAstralia.shtml" title="Hallucinogenicmushroomsfromvictoriaastralia" alt="Hallucinogenicmushroomsfromvictoriaastralia" >Hallucinogenicmushroomsfromvictoriaastralia</a> a psychotropic &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 as well. In fact, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 evidence from the &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101&#13&#10&#65&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that &#112&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#108&#121 known &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 at that time.<br> While the &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 do not generally <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/brisbane_to_find_magic_mushrooms.shtml" title="Brisbane To Find Magic Mushrooms" alt="Brisbane To Find Magic Mushrooms" >Brisbane To Find Magic Mushrooms</a> include descriptions &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 the &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 Psilocybes and related species are likely to have &#104&#97&#100 &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#114&#101 significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced &#98&#121 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 that is also known &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101 somatic side &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#114&#111&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below &#45 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of </p> <p align="justify"> &#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#119&#105&#116&#104 sclerotia formation). Figure 48 &#45 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 grassy soil Figure 49 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 horse manure and rice. portions <b>To Buy Copelandia Cyanescens Spores</b> of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like &#119&#111&#111&#108&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#100 &#111&#102 &#118&#105&#114&#117&#115&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to appear &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#104&#97&#109&#112&#105&#103&#110&#111&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#45 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 have already caused a lot of damage - have so far &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 of &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 is safe to say that we currently know a great &#100&#101&#97&#108 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To &#97 &#108&#101&#115&#115&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is available about other species as well.<br> Armed &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101&#44 &#102&#117&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#115 may well discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical changes that occur during &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#109&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 &#105&#116 has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#115&#99&#108&#101&#114&#111&#116&#105&#97 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 is linked &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#115 well &#97&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis.<br> Due <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/azurescenssporesuk.shtml" title="Azurescenssporesuk" alt="Azurescenssporesuk" >Azurescenssporesuk</a> to the &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120&#13&#10&#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 type of equipment &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#105&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110 sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by &#108&#97&#121&#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121&#13&#10&#104&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 in North America and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" &#116&#111 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 This process involves &#115&#101&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#115 striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually &#116&#117&#114&#110 &#98&#108&#117&#101 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#115&#112&#111&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#116&#111 handling. The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 &#111&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#101&#114&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#109&#117&#108&#99&#104 (not from cedar trees). After several months of &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the fall season. Figure &#53&#48 &#45 &#83&#117&#114&#102&#97&#99&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101 of Inocybe aeruginascens &#111&#110 &#97 &#108&#105&#113&#117&#105&#100 &#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#101&#110&#116 medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#50 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE &#87&#79&#82&#76&#68&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#51 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe &#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#105&#105 &#40&#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121&#41 &#102&#114&#111&#109 British &#67&#111&#108&#117&#109&#98&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#53 &#45 &#71&#105&#97&#110&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#99&#117&#108&#112&#116&#117&#114&#101 from Kerala, India.<br> There is considerable debate among experts about the &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#98&#117&#102&#102&#97&#108&#111 &#116&#45&#115&#104&#105&#114&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Thailand, designed for the Western tourist &#109&#97&#114&#107&#101&#116&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#55&#46&#49&#13&#10&#83&#80&#79&#84&#76&#73&#71&#72&#84 &#79&#78 &#78&#79&#82&#84&#72 AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the &#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 (Smith) Singer & Smith, a &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 One year later, &#116&#119&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#115&#44 &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 independently, discovered psilocybin, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 &#38 &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Pacific &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 Additional chemical and taxonomic findin </p> and familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms in Europe that is most likely derived from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather than experience with Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly all across the Welsh countryside during fall season. I would like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition was unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis on the witches' meetings at the "Monte del Tonale", located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely found there. By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given this historical context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an important role as a psychotropic agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In light of medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity and the remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, along with much historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants and mushrooms for the purpose of temporary alterations of consciousness. Some authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system banished the practice of "going berserk", it disappeared quite suddenly during the 12th century. At about the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that the Berserkers may have used mag Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native</p> <h2>taghi tajgardoun @ 3/12/2010 9:34:00 PM</h2> <p></p> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <h2>Articles</h2> <p><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/makepsilocybecubensisfruitfaster.shtml" title="Makepsilocybecubensisfruitfaster" alt="Makepsilocybecubensisfruitfaster" >Makepsilocybecubensisfruitfaster</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybin_Syringes_buy_europe.shtml" title="Psilocybin Syringes Buy Europe" alt="Psilocybin Syringes Buy Europe" >Psilocybin Syringes Buy Europe</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/mushroom/magic_mushroom.shtml" title="Mushroom Magic Mushroom" alt="Mushroom Magic Mushroom" >Mushroom Magic Mushroom</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe_mushrooms.shtml" title="Psilocybe About Psilocybe" alt="Psilocybe 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