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It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). <br /><br /> <a href="/azurescenscultivation.htm"><img border="3" src="/images/magic-mushrooms-found-in-pastures.jpg" alt=" Azurescenscultivation"></a> a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser extent, such information is available about other species as well. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical changes that occur during fruiting. In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles in North America and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a North American mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findin<br /> </p> <h2> seringue psylo azurescens</h2> <p> <p align="right"> <H3> Gymnopilus sp identification</H3> Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#100 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/libertycapsidentificationScotland.htm" title="Libertycapsidentificationscotland" alt="Libertycapsidentificationscotland" >Libertycapsidentificationscotland</a> in <i> Gymnopilus sp identification</i> religious healing and curing ceremonies by native </p> <p align="justify"> &#77&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 &#111&#102 Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#59 and the 20 to 30 inch &#40&#53&#48&#48&#45&#55&#53&#48&#109&#109&#41 &#114&#97&#105&#110&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#116 &#111&#102 Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 rains.<br> It has been &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 introduced into Australia accidentally by early &#115&#101&#116&#116&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 livestock." This same spore dispersal &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 to &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 several &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 occur in or around the &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115&#46 This includes &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#97&#105&#115&#101&#100 in all Australian states, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species &#116&#111 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/gymnopilusspinfo.htm" title="Gymnopilusspinfo" alt="Gymnopilusspinfo" >Gymnopilusspinfo</a> &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 Australia from <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/wheredoesGymnopilusspgrow.htm" title="Wheredoesgymnopilusspgrow" alt="Wheredoesgymnopilusspgrow" >Wheredoesgymnopilusspgrow</a> areas where &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110 the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred &#116&#111 &#97&#115 &#78&#90&#44 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 are the primary source for &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 the &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#111&#102 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#101&#103&#103&#101&#100 ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 reported locations for more &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. </p> by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. &#52&#46&#52&#108&#98&#115&#41 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#117&#114&#101 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#102&#111&#114 scientific research purposes.<br> The results of pharmacological testing soon &#114&#101&#118&#101&#97&#108&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#115 &#97&#110 alkaloid that was perfectly &#115&#97&#102&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#115 under &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#68&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/texasredcapsshrooms.htm" title="Texasredcapsshrooms" alt="Texasredcapsshrooms" >Texasredcapsshrooms</a> &#116&#104&#105&#115 evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly &#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#34&#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#34&#44 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#105&#115&#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#100&#44 yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 psilocybin &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115&#46 &#65&#116 the same time, mycological and &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 from any other mycoflora and must not be &#101&#120&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 of their &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 value systems across &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences &#115&#101&#108&#100&#111&#109 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 of prevailing biases and value systems &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#108&#105&#102&#101&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#114&#101&#99&#97&#108&#108 an incident from my own childhood, which occurred &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 five years old. I was playing in a &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#100&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97 &#103&#105&#114&#108 pointed to &#97 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#115&#116&#108&#121&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#108&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 that it was inedible and poisonous. While I &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#103&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#97 different childhood event has left me with the vivid &#109&#101&#109&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#102&#105&#108&#108 virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#65&#110 enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114&#115&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#97&#108&#108&#44 &#106&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 the &#98&#101&#110&#101&#102&#105&#116 &#111&#114 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#121 &#111&#102 deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#121&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#44 biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF &#75&#78&#79&#87&#76&#69&#68&#71&#69 &#65&#66&#79&#85&#84&#13&#10&#69&#85&#82&#79&#80&#69&#65&#78 &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 &#45 Distribution pattern <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Pics-off-magical-mushrooms.htm" title="Pics Off Magical Mushrooms" alt="Pics Off Magical Mushrooms" >Pics Off Magical Mushrooms</a> &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 Europe and North <u> Liberty Cap Season Scotland</u> Africa (according &#116&#111 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#66&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 approximate locatio , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me <p align="left"> xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#46 However, certain aspects concerning the more &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#117&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 growth &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 later chapters. The main purpose of this &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101 &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 study of these mushrooms, particularly &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will &#104&#101&#108&#112&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#54 &#45 Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#74&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#34 &#97&#116 &#72&#105&#108&#100&#101&#115&#104&#101&#105&#109 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#101&#100&#114&#97&#108&#44 Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 that &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Panaeolussubbalteatuskansas.htm" title="Panaeolussubbalteatuskansas" alt="Panaeolussubbalteatuskansas" >Panaeolussubbalteatuskansas</a> Asia. Botanical evidence does not &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#115 home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#70&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#109&#111&#114&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 of recently discovered European mushroom species &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#13&#10&#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is &#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 cultures learned &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms &#119&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#114 &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#116 some time in history, probably as &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#117&#110&#100&#114&#101&#100 years ago.<br> The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) &#119&#97&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 properties in Siberia &#105&#110&#118&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#97&#115&#116 reports on &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#97&#108&#108&#121 linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 European cultures &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108&#105&#114&#105&#117&#109&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 by Amanita muscaria, a &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 known &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101 somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 accounts &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#45 indicate a knowledge &#111&#102 </p> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). <br /> </p> <h2> seringue psylo azurescens</h2> <p><p align="center"> Macroscopically, it is extremely &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata. Unlike the latter species, however, Psilocybe pelliculosa will grow in forests &#111&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 &#97&#110&#100 sawdust. Beug and Bigwood were able to &#102&#117&#114&#110&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#111&#111&#102 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116 of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 is weaker in its psychotropic effects than comparable &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 30-50% of &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 Psilocybe cyanescens (slang names: Blue wavy, Cyan, Grandote), a species common across the Pacific Northwest. It fruits primarily in parks, forming partial &#102&#97&#105&#114&#121 &#114&#105&#110&#103&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#100&#105&#100 not become popular among users until the mid-1970s. species &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 the fall. A &#78&#101&#119 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Trips as a Popular Sport Several additional Psilocybe &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 the &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 taxonomic classification of most of these species remains inadequate, &#100&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#99&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#111&#110&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#115 such as those by P. Stamets &#111&#102&#102&#101&#114 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 the psychotropic mycoflora. In the &#109&#105&#100&#45&#49&#57&#55&#48&#115&#44 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#79&#116&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 a rather spectacular event concerning the spread of a "new" mushroom species. During the fall of 1972, &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 strongly bluing gilled mushroom with a distinct ring pattern were found at the University of Washington in Seattle. The fruiting bodies were found growing on bark mulch, which came &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 and which had been spread widely across the campus by gardeners. &#68&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 reaction, students at the university assumed that the mushroom <H2> new mexico cow dung mushrooms</H2> contained &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#97 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 was confirmed later on. The sudden appearance of massive numbers of &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107&#108&#121&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101&#100 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shroomsinthecaribbean.htm" title="Shroomsinthecaribbean" alt="Shroomsinthecaribbean" >Shroomsinthecaribbean</a> &#115&#116&#117&#100&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 to use the mushrooms &#97&#115 &#97 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#109&#121 opinion, it is still uncertain if the mushroom really appeared spontaneously, or whether it fruited on bark &#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 had previously been mixed with spawn derived from fruiting bodies that originated elsewhere. In any &#99&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#55&#54&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#100 Psilocybe stuntzii Guzman & Ott (slang name: "blue veil" or "stuntzees", (see Figures 54 and 71). Today, the species &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#107 and on lawns in parks, on golf courses, football fields &#97&#110&#100 &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 so large that it is considered the second most important species in terms &#111&#102 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata. In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus is another regionally important mushroom species &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#58 &#34&#114&#101&#100 &#99&#97&#112&#34&#41&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 though its users believe it to be slightly more &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 the mushroom is used &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#105&#116 &#98&#101&#103&#105&#110&#115 to fruit during the spring. The Psilocybe &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 hand, do not appear &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101 to grow into early winter, &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#101&#109&#112&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#100&#114&#111&#112 below freezing, which &#105&#110&#104&#105&#98&#105&#116&#115 &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 the spe </p> xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/cubensis-romania.htm" title="Cubensis Romania" alt="Cubensis Romania" >Cubensis Romania</a> <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybesemilanceataonsettime.htm" title="Psilocybesemilanceataonsettime" alt="Psilocybesemilanceataonsettime" >Psilocybesemilanceataonsettime</a> <p <H2> Psilocybe cubensis east texas</H2> align="justify"> Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán <b> seringue psylo azurescens</b> & <i> Gymnopilus sp. identification</i> Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & </p> a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp <H3></H3> <div align="right"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#65 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 Journey Across <b></b> Cultures and Time The Case for &#67&#104&#97&#108&#108&#101&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#82&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#86&#97&#108&#117&#101 &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 &#76&#73&#83 PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#80&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active P.subaeruginosa spore print buy Links' Just Click On &#65 &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 &#71&#111 To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 &#55&#13&#10&#49&#46 &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 9 2. Reflections on the History &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 Mushrooms 16 3.2 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of &#82&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4.<br> Mushroom &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 the Potential for &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#54&#49&#13&#10&#53&#46 &#84&#104&#101 Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/gold-top-mushroom-identification.htm" title="Gold Top Mushroom Identification" alt="Gold Top Mushroom Identification" >Gold Top Mushroom Identification</a> Reality vs. &#87&#105&#115&#104&#102&#117&#108 &#84&#104&#105&#110&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 <u> P.subaeruginosa spore print buy</u> Classic &#70&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#105&#110 &#67&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 and South America &#56&#50&#13&#10&#55&#46&#51 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 84 7.<br>4 European Customs &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shrooms-romania.htm" title="Shrooms Romania" alt="Shrooms Romania" >Shrooms Romania</a> 95 7.7 Usage &#105&#110 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#65&#115&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 the South Pacific Islands 98 8. &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#110 &#69&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of Mushrooms from the Category &#80&#104&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#107&#97 &#49&#48&#50&#13&#10&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121 &#49&#48&#56&#13&#10&#49&#48&#46 Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure &#50 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 from Australia Figure 3 - Water color &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 &#45 &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 mushrooms.<br> FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#121 &#97 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 being. Nobody knows just who &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 eater was. In seeking &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#115 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 we can only speculate. Mycophobes, &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#114&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 their conviction that only &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 enough <i></i> to want to attain a higher state of consciousness &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#100&#97&#121 reality. And &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 attempt to do this by ingesting those odd &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#111&#100&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 from &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#102&#97&#110&#103&#115&#59&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn </div></p> <h2> finding shrooms in Seattle @ 8/1/2010 1:57:00 AM</h2> <p></p> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <h2> News</h2> <p><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/copelandia-spore.htm" title="Copelandia Spore" alt="Copelandia Spore" >Copelandia Spore</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/how-to-make-halucinogene-substance.htm" title="How To Substance To Halucinogene" alt="How To Substance To 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