identifying psilocybe weilii - easymushrooms.com

<body> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> <from name="from1" id="from1" method="post" action=""> <input type="text" name="textfield" value="......" /> <input class=" button" type="submit" name="Submit" value="GO" /> </from> <h1> identifying psilocybe weilii</h1> <p>Kansas Kansas Kansas Mushrooms In</p> </div> <div id="tabs10"> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Link 1"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ shrooms story.html" title="Link 2"><span> finding shrooms in Seattle</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ psilocybe mexicana potency.html" title="Link 3"><span> smoking shrooms</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ price of shrooms.html" title="Link 4"><span> psilocybe mexicana potency</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ magic mushroom.html" title="Link 5"><span> Buy Magic Mushroom Online</span></a></li> <li><a href="/MEXICANA MEXICANA.html" title="Link 6"><span> panaeolus spore syringe germany</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ Gymnopilus Sp. Identification.html" title="Link 7"><span>shrooms trippy</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="container2"> <div id="content"> <h2> panaeolus syringe syringe spore panaeolus</h2> <p><p align="center"> &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#115&#116&#101&#97&#100&#44 they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest &#116&#104&#101&#109&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 names are also known and applied by users &#111&#117&#116&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ. &#34&#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 most common &#116&#101&#114&#109 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97&#110&#121 mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine &#101&#100&#105&#116&#111&#114 &#105&#110 &#108&#57&#53&#55 &#40 see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100&#101&#110 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#44 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 or &#115&#111&#109&#101&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#99&#97&#112&#115&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#101 Australian &#101&#112&#105&#116&#104&#101&#116&#115 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/mushroomsoutheasttexas.htm" title="Mushroomsoutheasttexas" alt="Mushroomsoutheasttexas" >Mushroomsoutheasttexas</a> &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 to this species by members of a local, drugusing &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112 &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 frequented the &#71&#111&#108&#100 &#67&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Eastern Australia; however, some of these &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 used &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 species of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 <H2> Inocybe Aeruginascens Florida</H2> &#105&#110 Australia &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110&#44 &#49&#57&#57&#55&#41&#46 &#65&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 above, Psilocybe cubensis is not &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 New Zealand. &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens, &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand &#97&#115 &#34&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#108&#115&#111 refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#99&#97&#112&#115&#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#119&#111 nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" &#97&#110&#100 &#34&#99&#111&#110&#101 &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 terms applied to Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#97&#110 Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used &#98&#121 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 both &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#39&#115 North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#97&#115 &#100&#111 many of the locally based &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ. </p> <p align="right"> Dosages &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110&#97 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#225&#110 & <H2>Spore Spore Spore Panaeolus</H2> Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybinsubcubensismushroom.htm" title="Psilocybinsubcubensismushroom" alt="Psilocybinsubcubensismushroom" >Psilocybinsubcubensismushroom</a> <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybinsubcubensismushroom.htm" title="Psilocybinsubcubensismushroom" alt="Psilocybinsubcubensismushroom" >Psilocybinsubcubensismushroom</a> Guzmán & </p> <br /><br /> <a href="/Pazurescensgrowkit.htm"><img border="0" src="/images/Coin-Information-Shrooms-Pic.jpg" alt=" Pazurescensgrowkit"></a> <p align="center"> by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about &#50 &#107&#103 &#40&#99&#97&#46 &#52&#46&#52&#108&#98&#115&#41 of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of &#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#115&#111&#111&#110 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#97&#108&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe &#102&#111&#114 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114 controlled experimental conditions.<br> Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the &#109&#105&#100&#49&#57&#54&#48&#115&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#34&#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 mycophobia", a misguided, &#121&#101&#116 &#101&#110&#116&#114&#101&#110&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#99&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#111&#110 all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#110&#111&#116 be excluded from scientific investigation &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 addition to overall variations in value systems &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#116&#101&#110&#100 to develop their own personal attitudes &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#46 &#79&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#44 the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 I was &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#102&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#111&#108&#100&#46 &#73 &#119&#97&#115 playing in a grassy meadow, &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97 &#103&#105&#114&#108 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97 brown mushroom and &#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#115&#116&#108&#121&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#108&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#116 &#119&#97&#115 inedible and poisonous. While I have never &#102&#111&#114&#103&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#73 did grow up to become a devoted &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#46 &#79&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 hand, a different childhood event has &#108&#101&#102&#116 &#109&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 vivid memory of &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#102&#105&#108&#108 &#118&#105&#114&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 covered with vast numbers of &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 the sense of awe &#73 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#46 In general, &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#115&#101&#114&#118&#101 to amplify &#111&#114 &#100&#105&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#99 &#97&#115 well as mycophilic dispositions, &#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 other factors. After all, &#106&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#101&#102&#105&#116 &#111&#114 folly of &#100&#101&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 consciousness are also colored &#98&#121&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#44 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 opinions. The following chapters &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#108&#108&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 diversity of attitudes &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#68&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 planned and involuntary &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 offer convincing &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 mushrooms are <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe-bohemica-stock.htm" title="Stock Archives Stock Archives Psilocybe" alt="Stock Archives Stock Archives Psilocybe" >Stock Archives Stock Archives Psilocybe</a> open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF &#75&#78&#79&#87&#76&#69&#68&#71&#69 &#65&#66&#79&#85&#84&#13&#10&#69&#85&#82&#79&#80&#69&#65&#78 &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 &#45 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#66&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 locatio </p> by A. Hofmann, Sandoz &#80&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#102&#97&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#50 &#107&#103 (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes.<br> The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin &#97&#115 &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#68&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#34&#44 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#105&#115&#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#100&#44 &#121&#101&#116 &#101&#110&#116&#114&#101&#110&#99&#104&#101&#100 policy that still prevails today <i> seringue psylo azurescens</i> and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 other alkaloids. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 and biochemical research studies have shown &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#108 over the world and can be found on all continents. &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 any &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#110&#111&#116 be excluded from scientific &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 alkaloid content. In addition to &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#118&#97&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 cultures, individuals tend to develop their own &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#46 Oftentimes, &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#115 about mushrooms &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 childhood events, even &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#108&#100&#111&#109 account for &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 and value systems later in &#108&#105&#102&#101&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#114&#101&#99&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years &#111&#108&#100&#46 &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 a grassy meadow, when a girl &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 mushroom and earnestly explained that &#105&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 poisonous.<br> While I &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#103&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 encounter, I did grow up to become a &#100&#101&#118&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#46 &#79&#110 &#116&#104&#101 other hand, a different childhood event has left me &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100 &#109&#101&#109&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#111&#102 discovering a landfill virtually &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#118&#97&#115&#116 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense &#111&#102 &#97&#119&#101 &#73 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 contemplating this sight. &#73&#110 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#111 various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114&#115&#46 After all, judgments about the benefit or folly &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 of consciousness are also &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#121&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#44 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 and opinions. The following chapters &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#108&#108&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. &#68&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#110&#101&#100&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#117&#110&#116&#97&#114&#121 experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing <b> "psilocybe bohemica" stock</b> evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 interpretations.<br> CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE &#79&#70 &#75&#78&#79&#87&#76&#69&#68&#71&#69 &#65&#66&#79&#85&#84&#13&#10&#69&#85&#82&#79&#80&#69&#65&#78 &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 &#45 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Krieglsteiner). &#66&#108&#97&#99&#107 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/how-to-grow-magic-mushrooms.htm" title="How To Grow Magic Mushrooms" alt="How To Grow Magic Mushrooms" >How To Grow Magic Mushrooms</a> &#100&#111&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 locatio <br /> </p> <h2> "psilocybe bohemica" stock</h2> <p> Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. It has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 Australian &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 public &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 members of &#105&#116&#115 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 first became aware of the visionary properties of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 information to local surfers (McCarthy, &#49&#57&#55&#49&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well &#97&#115 &#50&#49 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#115 "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug &#97&#98&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100 in Southern &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#57&#54&#57&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 relied &#111&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 &#111&#102 &#53&#49 people &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#34&#116&#104&#101 &#96&#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#39 subculture local beach <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/buy-cubensis-spore-europe.htm" title="Spore Europe Cubensis Buy" alt="Spore Europe Cubensis Buy" >Spore Europe Cubensis Buy</a> resorts". &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 doctor believed &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#34&#97&#108&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 involved surfers and their female friends, there is &#110&#111 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 use of these drugs is confined &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 constitutes &#98&#117&#116 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 our (Australian) young drug taking community." &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 that word-of-mouth communication made a significant &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magic-mushrooms-oaxaca.htm" title="Magic Mushrooms Oaxaca" alt="Magic Mushrooms Oaxaca" >Magic Mushrooms Oaxaca</a> &#117&#115&#101 of "magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ. The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. ulinary mushroom bears &#110&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#109&#98&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#115&#105&#122&#101 &#111&#114 form, &#116&#111 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 &#79&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 these unfortunate cases &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 our understanding &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 context, I want to emphasize once more that <b>Bohemica" Bohemica" Bohemica"</b> the hallucinogenic &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 <u>Bohemica" Bohemica" Bohemica"</u> &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#99&#97&#110 easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#104&#105&#115 investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted &#97 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#105&#116 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 hallucinogenic &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 bluing &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#97 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#115&#109&#101&#108&#108 &#111&#114 taste.<br> Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common &#111&#100&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#97 &#116&#114&#97&#105&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 definitely does <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybemushroomlegalityhungary.htm" title="Psilocybemushroomlegalityhungary" alt="Psilocybemushroomlegalityhungary" >Psilocybemushroomlegalityhungary</a> not apply to the &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#97&#108&#115&#111&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101 &#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 3.<br>2).<br> Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110&#13&#10&#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 States about &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#117&#114&#97&#99&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#109&#101 time, however, &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 &#99&#97&#110&#110&#111&#116&#13&#10&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#121 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 spotted common table mushrooms, &#110&#111&#114 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#98&#108&#101 to &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#65&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#99&#104&#97&#109&#112&#105&#103&#110&#111&#110&#115&#41 from &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 species grow on the same pasture. Such &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 in &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 &#73&#110 my &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#97 rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to &#100&#101&#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#116 is left &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 cap is placed &#111&#110 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 paper (depending on spore color). As the &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#44 &#97 &#103&#108&#97&#115&#115 vessel must be placed over the cap &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#114&#121&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101&#13&#10&#117&#115&#101&#102&#117&#108&#44 information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, &#70&#111&#114 &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There &#105&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104 &#100&#101&#103&#114&#101&#101 of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species.<br> Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 available &#101&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#100&#97&#116&#97&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#53&#13&#10&#84&#72&#69 &#66&#76&#85&#73&#78&#71 PHENOMENON &#65&#78&#68 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/magicmushroomsnz.htm" title="Magicmushroomsnz" alt="Magicmushroomsnz" >Magicmushroomsnz</a> &#77&#69&#84&#79&#76&#13&#10&#84&#69&#83&#84&#73&#78&#71&#58 Bohemica" Bohemica" Bohemica" &#82&#69&#65&#76&#73&#84&#89 &#86&#83&#46 WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#115&#44 some species or samples belonging &#116&#111 &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 usually &#116&#117&#114&#110&#115 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 change color, regardless of psilocybin content. &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most &#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112&#115 of this species stain &#118&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#113&#117&#105&#99&#107&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 pressure. Other species, such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#69&#97&#114&#108&#101&#41 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 stems that develop very &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 caps do not exhibit the bluing &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#66&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10 own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Gymnopilus-spores-purchase.htm" title="Gymnopilus Spores Purchase" alt="Gymnopilus Spores Purchase" >Gymnopilus Spores Purchase</a> 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 <br /> </p> <h2>Psilocybe Identifying Weilii</h2> <p> Most users of the psychoactive visionary &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their &#102&#97&#118&#111&#114&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#112&#105&#116&#104&#101&#116&#115 which are commonly used by &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116 &#97&#110&#100 <H2> Gymnopilus sp. identification</H2> ingest them. Some of these &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 invented by &#97 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/gold-top-mushroom-identification.htm" title="Gold Top Mushroom Identification" alt="Gold Top Mushroom Identification" >Gold Top Mushroom Identification</a> &#76&#105&#102&#101 &#77&#97&#103&#97&#122&#105&#110&#101 &#101&#100&#105&#116&#111&#114 in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis &#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 as "golden tops", &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 &#111&#114 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 "gold caps." The Australian epithets &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 to this species by &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#44 drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 apparently been used &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 Copelandia cyanescens, known &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand as "blue meanies", &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 species as "Blue Legs", "golden &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 &#111&#114 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#99&#97&#112&#115&#34&#46 The latter two &#110&#105&#99&#107&#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 "dimple tops" and "cone &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#115 applied to Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#97&#110 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 some of these same popular names have &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 visiting surfers from both &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 to describe the macroscopic &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 These same <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/panaeolus-cyanescens-in-vitro.htm" title="Panaeolus Cyanescens In Vitro" alt="Panaeolus Cyanescens In Vitro" >Panaeolus Cyanescens In Vitro</a> surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 It has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 its <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/cubensis-texas-forest-deer.htm" title="Cubensis Texas Forest Deer" alt="Cubensis Texas Forest Deer" >Cubensis Texas Forest Deer</a> &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 <p align="center"> <b>identification Gymnopilus identification</b> xican mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#110&#101&#101&#100 not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101 &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists <b></b> &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 to further &#105&#109&#109&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 complex area of study. Jochen &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#54 &#45 &#66&#114&#111&#110&#122&#101 doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at &#72&#105&#108&#100&#101&#115&#104&#101&#105&#109 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#101&#100&#114&#97&#108&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#40&#99&#97&#46 &#49&#48&#50&#48&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#50&#13&#10&#82&#69&#70&#76&#69&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 ON THE &#72&#73&#83&#84&#79&#82&#89&#13&#10&#65&#78&#68 &#83&#67&#73&#69&#78&#84&#73&#70&#73&#67 &#83&#84&#85&#68&#89 &#79&#70 MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 mind-altering &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 that &#101&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#114 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#46 Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe &#105&#115 &#104&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#111 &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#13&#10&#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 early European cultures learned &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 and experience &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 world.<br> Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/whereisthebestplacetopickmagicmushroomsaroundqld.htm" title="Whereisthebestplacetopickmagicmushroomsaroundqld" alt="Whereisthebestplacetopickmagicmushroomsaroundqld" >Whereisthebestplacetopickmagicmushroomsaroundqld</a> and mushrooms was lost &#111&#114 &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 time in history, probably as early as several &#104&#117&#110&#100&#114&#101&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#97&#103&#111&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97 &#105&#110&#118&#105&#116&#101&#100 the conclusion that this &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#115 a psychotropic agent in <i> psilocybin tee shirts</i> medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 specific mushrooms <b> ask</b> on human consciousness. However, &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#97&#115&#116 reports on &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#97&#108&#108&#121 linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 at that time.<br> While &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 Siberian tribes &#104&#97&#115 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced &#98&#121 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/identifying-gold-top-fungus-in-NZ.htm" title="Identifying Gold Top Fungus In Nz" alt="Identifying Gold Top Fungus In Nz" >Identifying Gold Top Fungus In Nz</a> &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 that &#105&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects.<br> This hypothesis is corroborated &#98&#121 &#100&#97&#116&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 studies conducted in Mexico.<br> I believe that historic accounts &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#45 indicate a knowledge &#111&#102 </p> by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio <p align="right"> ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation).<br> Figure 48 &#45 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis &#111&#110 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind &#111&#102 &#118&#105&#114&#117&#115&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 appear in champignon cultures - where they have &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97 &#108&#111&#116 &#111&#102 &#100&#97&#109&#97&#103&#101 &#45 have so &#102&#97&#114 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#97&#108 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 the &#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46 To a lesser extent, such information is available about other species as well. &#65&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101&#44 &#102&#117&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#115 may well discover new insights into physiology of these &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 changes that occur &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#109&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 &#105&#116 has already been established &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#102 differentiation whereby &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 sclerotia or fruiting bodies &#105&#115 &#108&#105&#110&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 complex methodology and &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#121&#112&#101 &#111&#102 <b> Pictures Of West Texas Psychedelic Mushrooms</b> &#101&#113&#117&#105&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 needed to isolate and maintain &#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#108&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 cultivation of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 &#108&#97&#121&#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#115 will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 in &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 used "natural outdoor cultivation" to &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 species. &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn &#98&#108&#117&#101 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#115&#112&#111&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#108&#105&#110&#103&#46 The mycelia are then &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees).<br> After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/edible-mushrooms-in-southeast-texas.htm" title="Edible Mushrooms In Southeast Texas" alt="Edible Mushrooms In Southeast Texas" >Edible Mushrooms In Southeast Texas</a> liquid nutrient medium.<br> Figure 51 - &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#111&#110 &#99&#111&#119 dung and rice. Figure 52 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/seTexasPsilocybinCubensis.htm" title="Setexaspsilocybincubensis" alt="Setexaspsilocybincubensis" >Setexaspsilocybincubensis</a> - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE &#87&#79&#82&#76&#68&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#51 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis on <b> Pictures Of West Texas Psychedelic Mushrooms</b> compost.<br> Figure &#53&#52 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#105&#105 &#40&#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 variety) from &#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#67&#111&#108&#117&#109&#98&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#53 &#45 Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India.<br> There is considerable debate among experts about the &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 the sculpture.<br> Figure 56 - &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#38 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114 buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western &#116&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#114&#107&#101&#116&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#55&#46&#49&#13&#10&#83&#80&#79&#84&#76&#73&#71&#72&#84 &#79&#78 NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 &#38 &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#44&#13&#10&#97 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 American mushroom species.<br> &#79&#110&#101 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#13&#10&#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#119&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#115&#44 working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well &#97&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#102 Psilocybe baeocystis &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 &#38 &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Pacific &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 Additional &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99&#13&#10&#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110 </p> by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). 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