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<body> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> <from name="from1" id="from1" method="post" action=""> <input type="text" name="textfield" value="......" /> <input class=" button" type="submit" name="Submit" value="GO" /> </from> <h1> new mexico cow dung mushrooms</h1> <p></p> </div> <div id="tabs10"> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Link 1"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ Archives.html" title="Link 2"><span> magic mushroom drawing</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Drug Mushroom Mushroom Drug.html" title="Link 3"><span> Forum</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Mushroom Magic Mushroom.html" title="Link 4"><span>Drug Mushroom Test Mushroom</span></a></li> <li><a href="/A Is Cubensis Cubensis Cubensis.html" title="Link 5"><span> drug testing shrooms</span></a></li> <li><a href="/a what cubensis what sub.html" title="Link 6"><span> are magic mushrooms legal in berlin</span></a></li> <li><a href="/ legal magic mushroom.html" title="Link 7"><span> Drug Testing Shrooms</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="container2"> <div id="content"> <h2>Mexico Mexico Mushrooms Mushrooms Dung</h2> <p> <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/howtogrowpsilocybesubaeruginosaindoors.htm" title="Howtogrowpsilocybesubaeruginosaindoors" alt="Howtogrowpsilocybesubaeruginosaindoors" >Howtogrowpsilocybesubaeruginosaindoors</a> This document <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/howtogrowpsilocybesubaeruginosaindoors.htm" title="Howtogrowpsilocybesubaeruginosaindoors" alt="Howtogrowpsilocybesubaeruginosaindoors" >Howtogrowpsilocybesubaeruginosaindoors</a> provides <b> Gymnopilus sp. identification</b> &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101 are magic mushrooms legal in berlin &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 psilocybin and familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms in Europe that is most likely derived from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather than experience with Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly all across the Welsh countryside during fall season. I would like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition was unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis on the witches' meetings at the "Monte del Tonale", located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely found there. By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given this historical context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an important role as a psychotropic agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In light of medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity and the remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, along with much historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants and mushrooms for the purpose of temporary alterations of consciousness. Some authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system banished the practice of "going berserk", it disappeared quite suddenly during the 12th century. At about the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that the Berserkers may have used mag <br /><br /> <a href="/psilocybin-mushrooms-identification.htm"><img border="1" src="/images/Proper-Dosage-Of-Shrooms.jpg" alt=" Psilocybin Mushrooms Identification"></a> a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp<br /> </p> <h2></h2> <p> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru as well. Below are some excerpts from his research protocols: J.H. (a &#50&#52&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later.<br> This was followed by regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he &#115&#116&#97&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#119&#101&#97&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#102&#117&#115&#101&#108&#121 all over his head and &#98&#111&#100&#121&#46 &#72&#105&#115 &#112&#117&#108&#115&#101 &#114&#97&#116&#101 and &#98&#114&#101&#97&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#99&#99&#101&#108&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#115&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 down later &#111&#110&#46 &#72&#101&#13&#10&#108&#97&#105&#100 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#110&#100 experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and &#116&#111&#13&#10&#114&#117&#110 &#97 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 about &#49&#44&#50&#48&#48 &#102&#116&#46 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#108&#116 the nearest doctor. The &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#117&#112&#105&#108&#115&#44 and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#120&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#114&#101&#101 hours later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by the &#110&#101&#120&#116 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#97&#115 no evidence &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#121 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#105&#100&#101 effects. M.K. &#40&#97 &#50&#50&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#97&#116&#101 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#111&#110&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 mushroom, which had no effects at all. K .Y. (a 31-year-old male) &#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#82&#101&#103&#117&#114&#103&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#100 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#59 &#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 appeared to &#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#108&#121 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#122&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 persisted for another three hours. During this time, the subject had great difficulties &#104&#97&#110&#100&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#112&#101&#110 &#102&#111&#114 writing, his mood was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such &#97&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#102&#117&#108 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#111&#111&#100&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#100&#111&#119&#110 from &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#107&#121&#46 &#66&#121 &#116&#104&#101 following &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 had dissipated.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 bitter, a &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 mushrooms had been cooked in &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101 rather amateurish, &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 results &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#104&#101&#97&#118&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 simplistic perspective which assumes &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#101&#100 along a single, narrow &#116&#114&#97&#99&#107&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 similar to those caused &#98&#121 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 on other continents.<br> Much work still remains to be done &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#104&#121&#116&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121 and &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#121 &#98&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 about &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110 can grow to &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus is one &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 are &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 today. CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND &#84&#72&#69 &#79&#76&#68&#69&#83&#84 &#75&#78&#79&#87&#78&#13&#10&#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77 &#67&#85&#76&#84 IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 studied only peripherally and remains &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#108&#121 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 late &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#71&#46 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#114&#105&#110&#105 and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the oldest &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 Africa. Their discoveries were not just &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#44 &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#115 well. <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/poisonouspanaeolinamushrooms.htm" title="Poisonouspanaeolinamushrooms" alt="Poisonouspanaeolinamushrooms" >Poisonouspanaeolinamushrooms</a> On the other hand, it really shouldn't come &#97&#115 &#97 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the oldest traces of &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 on the very &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#97&#100&#108&#101 of humanity. 10,000 Years &#79&#108&#100&#13&#10&#70&#114&#111&#109 &#57&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#116&#111 by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio <p align="center"> The first &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/inocybe-aeruginascens-florida.htm" title="Florida Inocybe Aeruginascens" alt="Florida Inocybe Aeruginascens" >Florida Inocybe Aeruginascens</a> &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape of Good Hope in </p> As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make <br /> </p> <h2> new mexico cow dung mushrooms</h2> <p>e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a very comfortable experience. In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o <div align="right"> The Mazatec Indians, &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 tradition of &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116 a range of mountains called the &#83&#105&#101&#114&#114&#97 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#97 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 northeastern &#99&#111&#114&#110&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 state of Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#108 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 the town &#111&#102 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#108&#97 &#100&#101 &#74&#105&#109&#101&#110&#101&#122&#46 &#80&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#108&#121 speaking they are Huautecans; but &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 speak has been called Mazatec and they <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shroomsberlinspecies.htm" title="Shroomsberlinspecies" alt="Shroomsberlinspecies" >Shroomsberlinspecies</a> have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature &#97&#115 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#118&#101 retained that &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103&#44 Mazatecs are the inhabitants &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 Mazatlan in &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 </div> xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality</p> <h2>is cubensis sub cubensis is @ 8/1/2010 2:27:09 AM</h2> <p></p> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <h2> smoking shrooms</h2> <p><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybinmushroomsidentification.htm" title="Psilocybinmushroomsidentification" alt="Psilocybinmushroomsidentification" >Psilocybinmushroomsidentification</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/gymnopilus-sp-identifying.htm" title="IDENTIFYING GYMNOPILUS IDENTIFYING" alt="IDENTIFYING GYMNOPILUS IDENTIFYING" >IDENTIFYING GYMNOPILUS IDENTIFYING</a></li><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/gold-top-mushrooms-new-zealand-consumption.htm" title="Gold Top Mushrooms New Zealand Consumption" alt="Gold Top Mushrooms New Zealand Consumption" >Gold Top Mushrooms New Zealand Consumption</a></li><li><a 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