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<body> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> <from name="from1" id="from1" method="post" action=""> <input type="text" name="textfield" value="......" /> <input class=" button" type="submit" name="Submit" value="GO" /> </from> <h1>Us States States In </h1> <p>PSILOCYBE PSILOCYBE AUSTRALIA</p> </div> <div id="tabs10"> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Link 1"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Archives.html" title="Link 2"><span>About</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Articles.html" title="Link 3"><span>About</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Gallery.html" title="Link 4"><span>About</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Forum.html" title="Link 5"><span>Contact</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Forum.html" title="Link 6"><span>About</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Chat.html" title="Link 7"><span>About</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="container2"> <div id="content"> <h2>Growing Cow Manure Shrooms</h2> <p>own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser extent, such information is available about other species as well. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical changes that occur during fruiting. In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles in North America and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a North American mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findin <br /><br /> <a href="/characteristicsofmoonchildren.shtml"><img border="2" src="/images/shrooms-in-australia.jpg" alt=" Characteristicsofmoonchildren"></a> <div align="right"> went &#105&#110 &#119&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#97&#108&#108 colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green. The hallucinations were &#102&#101&#97&#114&#115&#111&#109&#101&#59 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 became visible and a wall &#111&#112&#101&#110&#101&#100 &#117&#112&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#111 &#97&#110 &#97&#98&#121&#115&#115&#46 There was a succession &#111&#102 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108 &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#46 The next day, everything was back to normal.<br> The &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100 &#40&#97&#103&#101 &#49&#52&#41 also saw her parents' hair color &#116&#117&#114&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#44 &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#105&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#117&#112&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 watched geometric shapes appear &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#108&#108&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 child (age 11) experienced &#99&#114&#97&#109&#112&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#111&#115&#116&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#48&#44 Singer and Guzman suggested that &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#109&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 because of the intense blue staining they &#104&#97&#100 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116 until after &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#110&#116&#111&#110 &#104&#97&#100 been &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99&#105&#122&#101&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#116&#101&#97&#109 working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#44 however, this concentration appears to be too low &#116&#111 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 Later on, Sandoz Laboratories &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 in dried samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin. The level of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been falsely elevated by the presence of &#115&#101&#114&#111&#116&#111&#110&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#105&#110 the mushroom sample &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Stijve, &#97 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 J.W. &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110 &#105&#110 &#84&#104&#97&#105&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100&#13&#10&#48&#46&#52&#37 &#45 1.05% of psilocin, with &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#59 serotonin &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115&#44 comparable &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 I was able to detect 0.4% of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#109&#97&#108&#116 agar, with no other indole compounds &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#68&#105&#115&#99&#117&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 species would remain incomplete without pointing out that those &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#102&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#115&#101&#115&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 1965 cannot be attributed to a &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#112&#105&#116&#97&#116&#101&#100 by &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#109&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100 setting) surrounding the incident. The effects &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#74&#46&#13&#10&#65&#108&#108&#101&#110 &#105&#110 Hawaii after eating 20 specimens <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/buy_psilocybe_cyanescens_spores.shtml" title="Psilocybe Spores Cyanescens Cyanescens" alt="Psilocybe Spores Cyanescens Cyanescens" >Psilocybe Spores Cyanescens Cyanescens</a> &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116 &#97&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#112&#105&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#87&#105&#116&#104 radio music playing &#115&#111&#102&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 to come on in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#73 &#116&#114&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 close &#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#87&#104&#101&#110&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#49 did close my eyes, my eyelids felt as if they &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#112&#114&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my eyes again. Colors were dancing like laser beams <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Inocybeaeruginascensdosage.shtml" title="Inocybeaeruginascensdosage" alt="Inocybeaeruginascensdosage" >Inocybeaeruginascensdosage</a> to the rhythm of the music. The stars in the sky &#97&#115&#115&#101&#109&#98&#108&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#108 the &#119&#97&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#109&#121 &#115&#111&#117&#108&#46 I was a little scared &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#97 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 ocean water might rush up all the &#119&#97&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#111&#117&#114 &#104&#117&#116&#46&#13&#10&#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 than that, feelings &#111&#102 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#111&#118&#101&#114&#119&#104&#101&#108&#109&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#44 I was overcome &#98&#121 &#102&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#84&#104&#97&#116 night, I &#115&#108&#101&#112&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101 &#34&#97 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#101 ". The following morning I gathered &#117&#112 &#109&#121 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#100 to walk back across the &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#73&#13&#10&#104&#97&#100 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o </div> <p align="justify"> JOCHEN &#71&#65&#82&#84&#90&#13&#10&#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#65 Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#42 &#76&#79&#83 &#65&#78&#71&#69&#76&#69&#83&#44 &#67&#65&#42&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#13&#10&#84&#65&#66&#76&#69 &#79&#70 &#67&#79&#78&#84&#69&#78&#84 (With &#65&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#76&#105&#110&#107&#115&#39 &#74&#117&#115&#116 &#67&#108&#105&#99&#107 On A Subject &#84&#111 &#71&#111 &#84&#111 &#84&#104&#101 Page) "Who Was the &#70&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#63&#34 &#45 &#70&#111&#114&#101&#119&#111&#114&#100 by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 Knowledge About European Species 14 3.<br>1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#54&#13&#10&#51&#46&#50 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Myths &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.<br>5 Gymnopilus &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 South America &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#111&#112&#117&#115&#58 &#84&#105&#110&#121 Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: &#65 &#76&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101&#45&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100&#45&#73&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 58 4. Mushroom Identification: &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 Potential for Deadly &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#54&#49&#13&#10&#53&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#66&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. &#87&#105&#115&#104&#102&#117&#108 &#84&#104&#105&#110&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Cultivation: Classic Findings &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 Psychotropic Mushroom Species &#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#55&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#49 Spotlight on North &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 Mycophilia in Central &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#56&#50&#13&#10&#55&#46&#51 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#67&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 95 7.7 Usage &#105&#110 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#65&#115&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 the &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9.<br> Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. &#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#119&#104&#111 &#116&#104&#101 first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can &#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#114&#101 quick to voice their conviction that only a <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/PsilocybeCubensisturnsblue.shtml" title="Psilocybecubensisturnsblue" alt="Psilocybecubensisturnsblue" >Psilocybecubensisturnsblue</a> &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 to want to attain a higher &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 boundaries of everyday reality. And only <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/spreadingwoodchipsforpsilocybes.shtml" title="Spreadingwoodchipsforpsilocybes" alt="Spreadingwoodchipsforpsilocybes" >Spreadingwoodchipsforpsilocybes</a> a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#111&#110 &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103&#44 humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 serpents' fangs; they were considered to be &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#97&#110 &#101&#109&#105&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 <u>experience gymnopilus gymnopilus</u> moreover, mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97 &#107&#110 </p><br /> </p> <h2>spore semilanceata</h2> <p> <p <i>subbalteatus hunting southern california</i> <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe_mushrooms.shtml" title="Psilocybe Mushrooms" alt="Psilocybe Mushrooms" >Psilocybe Mushrooms</a> align="left"> As they <i>Gold Gold Cap Cap</i> say, ʼTis &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 pickingʼ, but &#109&#97&#107&#101 </p> ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser extent, such information is available about other species as well. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical changes that occur during fruiting. In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles in North America and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a North American mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findin <div align="justify"> ure of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#119&#105&#116&#104 &#115&#99&#108&#101&#114&#111&#116&#105&#97 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose &#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#46 The kind of viruses known &#116&#111 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#104&#97&#109&#112&#105&#103&#110&#111&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#45 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 already caused a lot of damage &#45 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#111 &#102&#97&#114 not been found in cultures &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#110&#100 Panaeolus species.<br> It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis.<br> To a lesser extent, such information is &#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 as well.<br> Armed with &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101&#44 &#102&#117&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#119&#101&#108&#108 discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 occur &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#109&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 sclerotia &#111&#114&#13&#10&#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#115 &#108&#105&#110&#107&#101&#100 to increased production of psilocybin &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the &#116&#121&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#101&#113&#117&#105&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, &#105&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121&#13&#10&#104&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 or widen its area of distribution &#97&#110&#121&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#115&#111&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101 early 1980s, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 &#105&#110 North &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling.<br> The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips &#111&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#101&#114&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#109&#117&#108&#99&#104 &#40&#110&#111&#116 from cedar &#116&#114&#101&#101&#115&#41&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#111&#110&#116&#104&#115 of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens &#111&#110 &#97 &#108&#105&#113&#117&#105&#100 &#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#101&#110&#116 medium.<br> Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus &#111&#110 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/1960s_magic_mushroom.shtml" title="Magic Archives Magic Archives 1960S" alt="Magic Archives Magic Archives 1960S" >Magic Archives Magic Archives 1960S</a> &#99&#111&#119 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 &#119&#101&#116 &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121&#41 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#67&#111&#108&#117&#109&#98&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#53 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#100&#101&#98&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 about the &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#38 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#98&#117&#102&#102&#97&#108&#111 t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH &#65&#77&#69&#82&#73&#67&#65 &#65&#78&#68 &#72&#65&#87&#65&#73&#73&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#49&#44 V.E. Tyler &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114 &#116&#111 report the detection of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 &#40&#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#41 Singer & &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#44&#13&#10&#97 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 One year later, two research groups, &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#97&#115 well as psilocin, in samples &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#97&#101&#111&#99&#121&#115&#116&#105&#115 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 &#38 Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. &#65&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99&#13&#10&#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110 </div> ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru <p align="center"> &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#106&#111&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 adverse physical effects or negative psychological reactions produced by "magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#112&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 set and expectation, or because of &#105&#109&#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 vary considerably among consumers, different &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#110 within Mexican an individual species. The &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#115 often &#99&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 in &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 hallucinogenic mushroom species &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100&#46 &#70&#111&#114 example, Psilocybe cubensis, when picked and eaten from &#105&#116&#115 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 habitat, produces a &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#109&#105&#108&#100 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 which is &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 amounts of fresh specimens <H3>Psilocybe Bohemica Spores</H3> needed to achieve &#97 &#116&#104&#114&#101&#115&#104&#111&#108&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114 when grown in vitro (indoor laboratory cultivation and/or &#105&#108&#108&#105&#99&#105&#116 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#41&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 can &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#97 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#105&#110 capable of inducing a very &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 disturbing, experience. This dosage assumes that the consumption of 1 &#116&#111 &#51 &#103&#109 &#111&#102 dried material &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#116&#111&#111 &#108&#111&#119 if the mushroom specimen came from a wild source. This low &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the comparatively small &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 psilocin which they extracted from wild specimens collected from &#102&#105&#118&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Australia. This suggests that a much larger dose &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 produce significant &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 that the chemicals most likely &#100&#101&#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 that they were harvested and the time of analysis.<br> However, &#105&#116 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 that a strain of Psilocybe cubensis <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/shrooms/psilocybe_azurescens_indoor.shtml" title="Shrooms Psilocybe Azurescens Indoor" alt="Shrooms Psilocybe Azurescens Indoor" >Shrooms Psilocybe Azurescens Indoor</a> producing different flushes &#40&#104&#97&#114&#118&#101&#115&#116&#115&#41 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#118&#97&#114&#121 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 in potency between flushes. </p> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me <br /> </p> <h2>Psilocybe Stain Blue Semilanceata</h2> <p>ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the form of distribution maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information is available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany. During my own field trips, I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in various locations, such as near my hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben as well as in other eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me about finding the mushrooms in other parts of the country. A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of Germany's forestlands. The species fruits during the fall, from late September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at those locations, even though the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring the extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can be expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. Such grassy areas inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. However, Psilocybe semilanceata does not grow in locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where the species has been found at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected at altitudes ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - <p align="justify"> &#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand?" &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 be endemic,that is, they were already &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 such &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms most likelyappeared after &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 on &#116&#104&#101 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/washingtonmagicmushroompics.shtml" title="Washingtonmagicmushroompics" alt="Washingtonmagicmushroompics" >Washingtonmagicmushroompics</a> &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to arrive in Australia were brought from the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 in1788, and included 2 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 along with other &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 was during this period thatsome &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 mentioned in this field guide &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 (Unsigned, 1973).<br> According to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 dung &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 actually &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 Roy Watling of &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 in &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 beremembered that &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 mycologists who &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 in Australia and NZ &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 of &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 drugtends to &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 some] farmers &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 added one or &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 to a mealto &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/southgapsilocin.shtml" title="Southgapsilocin" alt="Southgapsilocin" >Southgapsilocin</a> &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 question, "how did these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand?" Well some species &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 they were already there naturally. Other &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 subcontinent.The first livestock to &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 and 5 cows, along with other &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 <b>Psilocybe cyanescens spore syringe</b> &#116&#104&#101 government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 America. &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 probably first appeared inAustralia &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 is believed &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 SouthAfrican dung &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 spread the spores.<br> According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the belief that &#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 times may &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 it up and still do] Margot & Watling, &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 DISPERSAL MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 already there naturally. Other species such as <H2>Magic Mushrooms Where In Brisbane</H2> the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in Australia &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 2 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 which were importedfrom &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 field guide probably first &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 According to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 species". It &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been the &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 may have actually spread the spores.<br> According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and <H1>Psilocybe cyanescens spore syringe</H1> NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some farmers in &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 added one or two basidiomes &#91&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#97 mealto liven it up and still &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 1981).<br>" CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New Zealand?" Well some &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 the subcontinent.The first livestock &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 brought from the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 in1788, and included 2 Psilocybe cyanescens spore syringe bulls &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 Byl803, &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 during this period thatsome of the visionary &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 field guide probably &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 1973). According &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 Burton &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 cow &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 is believed to have been the &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 substrate preferences and there are &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 etc." Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the "magicmushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 claim &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 P. cubensis &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 to confirm the belief that some farmers in early times may have added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 it up and still do Margot & Watling, 1981)." </p> <p align="right"> &#13&#10&#73&#78&#84&#82&#79&#68&#85&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#13&#10&#77&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#40&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#41 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 have been &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 healing and curing &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101&#115 in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 fungi &#98&#121 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#115 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#44 especially in various regions of the United &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#67&#97&#110&#97&#100&#97&#44 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 &#67&#97&#114&#105&#98&#98&#101&#97&#110&#44 Great Britain, Europe (especially in the &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#41&#44 &#83&#99&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#97&#118&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 Southeast Asia, &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#44 &#66&#97&#108&#105&#44 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#97&#59 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New Zealand. The modern, &#110&#111&#110&#45&#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/redcapwavymushroomireland.shtml" title="Redcapwavymushroomireland" alt="Redcapwavymushroomireland" >Redcapwavymushroomireland</a> &#111&#102&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World &#87&#105&#100&#101 &#87&#101&#98 &#97&#110&#100 &#73&#110&#116&#101&#114&#110&#101&#116&#44 and also by the &#115&#99&#104&#111&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of the renown &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#46 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110&#13&#10&#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#40&#72&#97&#114&#118&#97&#114&#100 psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy &#83&#97&#110&#102&#111&#114&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#116&#104 &#103&#117&#114&#117 &#65&#110&#100&#114&#101&#119 &#87&#101&#105&#108&#44 and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 &#116&#104&#101 history of &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#102&#117&#108 use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and &#78&#101&#119&#13&#10&#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#73&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybe_portoricensis/hydroponics_shrooms.shtml" title="SHROOMS HYDROPONICS PSILOCYBE PORTORICENSIS" alt="SHROOMS HYDROPONICS PSILOCYBE PORTORICENSIS" >SHROOMS HYDROPONICS PSILOCYBE PORTORICENSIS</a> &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 guide has been &#103&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 in Australia by the author and from reports &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). </p> &#73&#110 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121 early &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia may have first become aware &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 visionary effects by reading the published literature &#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's.<br> These news items &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms".<br> For &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#55&#50&#44 &#111&#110&#101 local &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 &#97&#110 account regarding the &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: ".<br>.<br>.<br>children at a suburban school <H3>pungo bust</H3> are getting high on &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#39&#71&#111&#108&#100 &#84&#111&#112&#115&#46&#39 The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 Brisbane River near &#84&#111&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#72&#105&#103&#104 &#83&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108&#44 &#97&#110&#100 children in search of `kicks' have been &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 1972).<br>" It would be very obvious &#116&#111 &#97&#110&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#100 this above mentioned news &#105&#116&#101&#109&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 in print, &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#111&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 would be &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#102&#105&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#109 if they &#115&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#105&#114&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 yet another factor that may have played a significant &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#105&#110 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#111&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116 in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#100 or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 Mazatec Indians of &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46 &#68&#114&#46 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 reported the ceremonial &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101&#115 in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of &#76&#105&#102&#101 &#77&#97&#103&#97&#122&#105&#110&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 l950's, providing &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 others with the <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/mycophilia_din_america.shtml" title="Mycophilia Din America" alt="Mycophilia Din America" >Mycophilia Din America</a> &#105&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#117&#116&#44 find, and &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 mushrooms. As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make <p align="left"> The first <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/drug_testing_shrooms/psilocybe_sanctorum.shtml" title="Drug Testing Shrooms Psilocybe Sanctorum" alt="Drug Testing Shrooms Psilocybe Sanctorum" >Drug Testing Shrooms Psilocybe Sanctorum</a> livestock to arrive in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/drug_testing_shrooms/psilocybe_sanctorum.shtml" title="Drug Testing Shrooms Psilocybe Sanctorum" alt="Drug Testing Shrooms Psilocybe Sanctorum" >Drug Testing Shrooms Psilocybe Sanctorum</a> &#102&#114&#111&#109 the Cape &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110 </p></p> <h2>terrance mckenna azurescens @ 3/12/2010 9:37:21 PM</h2> <p></p> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <h2>Options</h2> <p><li><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/syntheticpsilocybe.shtml" title="Syntheticpsilocybe" alt="Syntheticpsilocybe" 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