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Introduction 9 2. Reflections on &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3.<br> The Current State &#111&#102 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: &#70&#97&#115&#116&#45&#83&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#78&#101&#119 &#65&#114&#114&#105&#118&#97&#108&#115 &#52&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#53 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 &#115&#97&#108&#105&#99&#105&#110&#117&#115&#58 A &#76&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101&#45&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100&#45&#73&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#53&#56&#13&#10&#52&#46 Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 61 5. The Bluing &#80&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 &#84&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#58 Reality vs. Wishful Thinking &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#70&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 and &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 in Central and South America &#56&#50&#13&#10&#55&#46&#51 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 Attention 84 7.4 European Customs &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 in Southeast Asia and &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography &#49&#50&#48&#13&#10&#73&#110&#100&#101&#120 &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50 &#45 Psilocybe cubensis &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51 &#45 Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52 &#45 &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#111&#119&#115 of prehistory &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 of consciousness. Nobody knows when &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#115 to these questions, we &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#114&#101 quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#100&#97&#121 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65&#110&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 a &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#109&#112&#116&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#111 this by ingesting &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#100&#100 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 that mysteriously thrive on &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#104&#117&#109&#105&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44&#13&#10&#114&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 and &#109&#97&#108&#111&#100&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 magic, mushrooms have been &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 antiquity: magic mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 made from poisons that had &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#102&#97&#110&#103&#115&#59&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97 &#107&#110 </p> <p align="justify"> Mind-altering (psilocybine <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/P-subaeruginosa-spore-print-buy.htm" title="P Subaeruginosa Spore Print Buy" alt="P Subaeruginosa Spore Print Buy" >P Subaeruginosa Spore Print Buy</a> containing) &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/pscilocybin-mushroom-texas.htm" title="TEXAS Coin Variety TEXAS Coin Variety MUSHROOM" alt="TEXAS Coin Variety TEXAS Coin Variety MUSHROOM" >TEXAS Coin Variety TEXAS Coin Variety MUSHROOM</a> &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 used &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 curing ceremonies by native </p> <br /><br /> <img border="0" src="/images/Youngbluemeaniemushroom.jpg" > <p align="justify"> &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97&#46&#87&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#108&#111&#111&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#105&#110&#100&#111&#119 into &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#97&#114&#107 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 a forest landscape, visions of strange &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 were deeply impressive and &#115&#101&#101&#109&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#105&#109&#112&#97&#114&#116 &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#107&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 eternity. At the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#111&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#105&#115&#111&#110&#13&#10&#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115 &#119&#97&#115 performed using &#48&#46&#56 &#103 &#111&#102 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 The onset of &#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110&#44 including a heavy flow &#111&#102 &#116&#101&#97&#114&#115&#44&#13&#10&#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 was an initial phase of anxiety. Only in a &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#112&#104&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 experience was it possible to perceive ornaments in the &#102&#111&#114&#109 &#111&#102 &#34&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#101&#97&#109&#101&#114&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#110&#100 to appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#103&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 of. involuntary intoxications &#105&#115 &#97 &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#111&#114 for the large scope of expansion of Inocybe aeruginascens into new habitats during the 1980s. For &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 the initial intoxications &#45 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 restricted to a few easily quantifiable collections &#45 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#100 spread from Potsdam &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 in 1982, and from there moved on &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found (see &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#83&#121&#109&#98&#105&#111&#115&#105&#115 &#87&#105&#116&#104 &#84&#114&#101&#101&#115&#13&#10&#83&#116&#97&#114&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region &#111&#102 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#116&#101&#110&#100 to grow near the roots of different deciduous &#116&#114&#101&#101&#115 &#40&#80&#111&#112&#117&#108&#117&#115&#44 &#84&#105&#108&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#81&#117&#101&#114&#99&#117&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#116&#117&#108&#97&#41&#44 on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin areas of &#116&#114&#101&#101&#45&#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#115&#105&#100&#101&#119&#97&#108&#107&#115 &#40&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 may &#101&#118&#101&#110&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 &#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#101&#44 &#115&#97&#110&#100&#121 soil) as well &#97&#115 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103&#115&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 areas in the suburbs and communities &#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#72&#101&#114&#101&#105&#110 lies &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#114&#107&#101&#100 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 aeruginascens &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species: Inocybe &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#110 areas of human &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#112&#114&#105&#109&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 are in the middle of villages and towns, &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#109&#117&#99&#104 like other &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#109&#97&#121&#13&#10&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 produce mass &#113&#117&#97&#110&#116&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#110 those locations &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#121&#112&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 the edible varieties of the fairy ring mushroom.<br> So far, the most abundant crop &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100 in 1987, due &#116&#111 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#119&#101&#116&#13&#10&#119&#101&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 which allowed the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 years were comparatively dry &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#114&#100&#108&#121 fruited at &#97&#108&#108&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116&#13&#10&#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#49&#57&#57&#48 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/p-azurescens-paralysis.htm" title="P Azurescens Paralysis" alt="P Azurescens Paralysis" >P Azurescens Paralysis</a> &#116&#104&#97&#116 a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam.<br> Despite 1989 having been a bad year for &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#105&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 year when Inocybe aeruginascens was &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101 at four <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/Gymnopilusspdescription.htm" title="Gymnopilusspdescription" alt="Gymnopilusspdescription" >Gymnopilusspdescription</a> &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 Rostock, a &#99&#105&#116&#121 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Eastern German coast, which is famous for its wet climate. &#70&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 locations is evidence for a mu </p> <div align="justify"> There &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 <i> new mexico cow dung mushrooms</i> &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/cubensistexasforestdeer.htm" title="Cubensistexasforestdeer" alt="Cubensistexasforestdeer" >Cubensistexasforestdeer</a> <H1> new mexico cow dung mushrooms</H1> species of "magic <H3> new mexico cow dung mushrooms</H3> <b> new mexico cow dung mushrooms</b> <i> new mexico cow dung mushrooms</i> mushrooms" in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 </div><br /> </p> <h2></h2> <p> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." was followed by a &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 the soul in flight, coupled with &#102&#101&#101&#108&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#111&#102 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97&#46&#87&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#108&#111&#111&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#117&#116 the window into the dark night of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of eternity.<br> At the end &#111&#102 &#102&#111&#117&#114 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#105&#115&#115&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101&#100 without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 g &#111&#102 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a heavy &#102&#108&#111&#119 &#111&#102 &#116&#101&#97&#114&#115&#44&#13&#10&#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116 there was an initial phase of anxiety. Only in a later phase of the experience was &#105&#116 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101 &#111&#114&#110&#97&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 in the form &#111&#102 &#34&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#101&#97&#109&#101&#114&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature of these &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#103&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102&#46 involuntary intoxications is a good indicator &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#115&#99&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 expansion of &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 during the 1980s. For example, at the time of the &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#45 &#119&#104&#101&#110 the species was still &#114&#101&#115&#116&#114&#105&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97 &#102&#101&#119 easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to the location known in 1982, and &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#118&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 other &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#118&#105&#99&#105&#110&#105&#116&#121&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 than <i> weilii fruiting temperature</i> 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure &#51&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#83&#121&#109&#98&#105&#111&#115&#105&#115 &#87&#105&#116&#104 &#84&#114&#101&#101&#115&#13&#10&#83&#116&#97&#114&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the species could be found &#105&#110 &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#116&#13&#10&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#110&#101&#119 locations across the &#66&#114&#97&#110&#100&#101&#110&#98&#117&#114&#103&#13&#10&#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 tend to grow near &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#111&#111&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#99&#105&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#114&#101&#101&#115 (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#118&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110 areas of tree-lined sidewalks &#40&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#109&#97&#121 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 on bare, &#115&#97&#110&#100&#121 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#41 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as amongst the greenery &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 suburbs and communities &#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#72&#101&#114&#101&#105&#110 lies the most marked &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in areas of human development. Their prime locations are in the middle &#111&#102 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#119&#110&#115&#44 where &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#108&#105&#107&#101 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybin-cedar.htm" title="Psilocybin Cedar" alt="Psilocybin Cedar" >Psilocybin Cedar</a> other &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#109&#97&#121&#13&#10&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybin-cedar.htm" title="Psilocybin Cedar" alt="Psilocybin Cedar" >Psilocybin Cedar</a> produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the &#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#105&#114&#121 ring mushroom.<br> So &#102&#97&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116 crop of fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very &#119&#101&#116&#13&#10&#119&#101&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 the mushrooms to thrive.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 comparatively dry and the species hardly fruited &#97&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116&#13&#10&#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#49&#57&#57&#48 that a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam. Despite 1989 having been a bad year for mushrooms, it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#97&#116 four locations in &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#82&#111&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107&#44&#13&#10&#97 &#99&#105&#116&#121 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 on the Eastern German coast, which is &#102&#97&#109&#111&#117&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#105&#116&#115 &#119&#101&#116 climate. Finding the mushrooms at these locations is evidence for a mu JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It appears that these kinds of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of death and to reduce even the most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from pain and anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most widely studied substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug structurally similar to psilocybin that is active only when administered by injection. Below, a young woman from Switzerland gives a detailed account of her second mushroom experience. Her first experiment, with Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. For her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A remarkable feature of her account is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest. "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered briefly on the wall next to the door and I saw faces and figures appear and vanish, but they did not hold my interest. It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the material plane, but unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that he wasn't able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. I asked him to help me on my way and invited him to look into my eyes. I felt as if all life energy was draining from my bo xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of <br /> </p> <h2> new mexico cow dung mushrooms</h2> <p><a href="http://easymushrooms.com/gymnopilus-cultivation.htm" title="Cultivation Gymnopilus" alt="Cultivation Gymnopilus" >Cultivation Gymnopilus</a> <p align="center"> &#73&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 psilocybe semilanceata locations scotland &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 by an Australian &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 <H2> hallucinating mushrooms of middle texas</H2> &#116&#104&#101 Texas west found west psychedelic Texas &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 in <i> psilocybe semilanceata locations scotland</i> &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 members of its drug using &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 </p> <H3> how to find magic mushrooms in kansas</H3> <p align="right"> &#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#8212&#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#108&#101&#115&#115 use of native plants and shrubs for &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 has man in the &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 little reason to believe that the &#118&#101&#103&#101&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#111&#110&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#102 of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#104 disparity? Has &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 simply not discovered &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? &#79&#114 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 the Old World been culturally less interested &#105&#110 &#110&#97&#114&#99&#111&#116&#105&#99&#115&#63 &#87&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 no &#114&#101&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#119&#101 &#100&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/psilocybeflorida.htm" title="Psilocybeflorida" alt="Psilocybeflorida" >Psilocybeflorida</a> or 20 species &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#69&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#72&#101&#109&#105&#115&#112&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 more &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49&#48&#48&#33 &#89&#101&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 of the &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121 &#104&#111&#108&#100 places of primacy throughout &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#67&#97&#110&#110&#97&#98&#105&#115&#44 &#117&#110&#100&#111&#117&#98&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#111&#108&#97&#110&#97&#99&#101&#111&#117&#115 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European &#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#115&#111&#112&#104&#121&#44 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110 history for many years.<br> Some played an extraordinarily vital religious &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 Aryan &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#110&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#46 The role of &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. <H2> mushrooms in berlin</H2> &#65&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#44 &#105&#116&#115 exte </p> and familiarity with psychotropic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 most likely &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 and related species, rather than experience with &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#105&#116 is extremely &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#111&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 this hypothesis, &#100&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#99&#107 of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: &#65 &#70&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#70&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#116&#104&#115 and legends. For &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#108&#101&#103&#101&#110&#100 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#115 a peculiar poisonous &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#40&#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#73&#115&#108&#101&#115&#41 with the &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#110&#97&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#66&#119&#121&#100 Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy &#98&#121 &#102&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#101&#97&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#105&#110 &#99&#101&#108&#101&#98&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 the most &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly all &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#108&#115&#104 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition was unusually cruel and &#118&#105&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#108&#112&#105&#110&#101 valleys of Valcamonica, &#86&#97&#108&#116&#114&#111&#109&#112&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#86&#97&#108&#116&#101&#108&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#40&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110 the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#115&#39 meetings at &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#77&#111&#110&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108 &#84&#111&#110&#97&#108&#101&#34&#44 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 at an &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#50&#48&#48&#48 &#109 (ca. 6,000 ft). &#70&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely <H2> how to find magic mushrooms in kansas</H2> found there. By contrast, &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100 with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. &#71&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#44 it would seem &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 an important &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#97&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 in the region (see &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#56&#44&#13&#10&#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#55&#46&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 of medieval accounts describing the &#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#99&#114&#97&#102&#116&#44 &#105&#116 is interesting to note that a &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#102&#108&#121&#105&#110&#103 or &#108&#101&#118&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage &#111&#102 &#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#87&#97&#114&#114&#105&#111&#114&#115&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 course of &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 Christianity and the remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#39&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 heritage, along with much historic &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101&#115&#44 including the usage of plants and mushrooms &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 temporary alterations of consciousness.<br> Some authors went &#115&#111 &#102&#97&#114 &#97&#115 &#116&#111 blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors. &#77&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#41&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#108 system banished &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101 <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/seasonforgoldcapshroomsintexas.htm" title="Seasonforgoldcapshroomsintexas" alt="Seasonforgoldcapshroomsintexas" >Seasonforgoldcapshroomsintexas</a> &#111&#102&#13&#10&#34&#103&#111&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#34&#44 it &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 12th century. At about how to find magic mushrooms in kansas the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated <a href="http://easymushrooms.com/seasonforgoldcapshroomsintexas.htm" title="Seasonforgoldcapshroomsintexas" alt="Seasonforgoldcapshroomsintexas" >Seasonforgoldcapshroomsintexas</a> that the Berserkers may have used mag Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. 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